-- europe's jews. it is the days to remember the holocaust era and defend historical record. now more than ever as we have fewer and fewer eyewitnesses to these events. please join me in welcoming today's guest, susan eisenhower. good morning. susan: good morning. it is a pleasure to be with you today. thank you for the opportunity and the honor of presenting today. for the international holocaust remembrance day. >> it is an honor that have -- to have you. for those of you unfamiliar, she is in a comp list scholar whose recent book is titled how ike led, the principles behind eisenhower's biggest decisions. you may be familiar or are likely familiar with susan's grandfather, dwight d eisenhower , either as the united states presidents between 19 and 1961, or during world war ii. today, we want to focus on a lesser-known but incredibly important aspect of eisenhower's legacy, his determination to document the crimes we now refer to as the holocaust. even as the allies continued their fight against nazi

he was a commissioner to in europe and he was the last governor of southern rhodesia when it bringing it to to elections and independence, we mentioned earlier mother had neuritus and there's a photograph of her going away to get treatment. yeah on airplane here. yeah. where was she going? i think she was probably going to some moritz to do the cure there. although there was a another place used to go to i pray that i called just remember and the woman with her is such a nice person. she's grace hampden and who was my mother's devoted so she came to chartwell in 1932 to help out in the office and she stayed for over 40 years and she became a great friend. she was my mother secretary all through the war. i went saw her the other day. she has a love she has a deer house on the green at westrum. she's one of our greatest friends my mother loved her in how long did your mother have neuritis? will it played her on and off in the 50s? it got better towards the end of her life, but it's a very tarsome thing neuritius it hangs around and comes back because i'm sure anybody who's had it will t

the great land masses of asia and europe in unfriendly hands. it is an existential threat to the u.s. global trade, access to markets, a preponderance of the world's raw materials all closed off. and that accounts, i think, for the flurry of presidential action in the next 12 months. he starts in july broadening the embargoes against japan to include scrap iron, the basis of the japanese steel making industry, and aviation fuel. but he also invites the president of general motors to the white house to discuss conversion of the u.s. economy to a war-time footing. in the fall -- there's the japanese rampaging through china, north china, and there's the move into france and eventually into the soviet union on the part of the germans. and there is big bill, the man on the left, the tallest of the three gentlemen there, the president of general motors at the time. he's invited to the white house to discuss conversion of the u.s. economy to a war-time footing. i was going to say legend has it, but it's not legend. it's a flat out truth. roosevelt aske

that need to happen in aerospace if these are just voices in the supply chain or if say for example europe is has added associations just because they're your or plant institutes where everybody always works together, what is it we need to do to identify the next generation technologies that seem to be at already there in the supply chain but the supply chain is just all individuals trying to compete. what do we need to do? >> well, historically it's encouraging. the very fact madam chair that your hearing about this technology indicate that there's some equipment and technology that are coming to publicview to your view . you know, what when it comes to materials that's a good example. of the kind of thing that i think should be accelerated because it can be brought to market quicker. but despite the emphasis on materials in the supply chain it's not a crime to specify them at the end of the day so if you're companies like excel or someone like that could create these advanced materials in some of the smaller companies ultimately it comes down to the crimes and this is one point where i g

i remember when we were young lori and i went to europe and and in 1974 i think,that's a long time ago or 75 . we had a little place down the mountains and that she had just sign saying that song about her mother making a coat outof rags . there's a lot of people out there who could be dolly parton or who could be james baldwin or richard pryor or ralph ellison or gabriel garcia marquez or you name it . who, if they just got a start , they would take it. >> yes. >> absolutely. >> you got to have grit. my first book was turned down by 31 publishers so you've got to keep believing in it and moving it forward. just keep chopping wood. >> for our next question, tom from connecticut would like to know how have each of you grown as a writer from working together? >> i think of these for me is as i said, concentrating even more on making sure that these, that the characters are fully believable and rounded and don't get lazy. just because you've got the plot right doesn't mean that -- it needs more than that, it needs more than just a strong plot. >> for me it's paying attention to how he doe

and continue to send copies overseas to american forces over in europe in world war i and the american league he convinced them to buy 150,000 subscriptions for the chiefs overseas. and before the war, they only had 75000 subscriptions so this is a huge increase. so credit tapped into now, the war effort and by way of support our soldiers so they can keep check of baseball than just kind of shows you the connections between baseball and american identity. well, his impact on baseball and i'll say more about the all-star game in a little bit but i wanted huge collaborate the first all-star game in 1933, and that was the chicago tribune to hold the fans from the beginning the all-star games was entwined with journalism and they were the ones with fans at the starting lineup. it is also additionally one of those who rejected my baseball that came to supportive but here you see the sports journalists weighing in on numbers issues rated and of course during world war ii, there's a lot of baseball happening, because of many of the soldiers leaving baseball to go fight in the war. so we have

stalin has all of eastern europe and central europe as well. everything will focus on the city of berlin because stalin is controlling east germany. it is agreed to victorious allies, the brits and russians will share control of berlin but berlin sits squarely in the soviet control area of occupied germany. the tension and potential disaster and fallout that can happen, be set by the geographical position of berlin so western allies coming into the city are entirely surrounded by territory controlled by stalin's red army. that is the setting for everything that will happen. it is a fabulously dramatic story that will unfold. >> really is a fascinating situation. one of the great things about the book is giles makes clear what the stakes are right away. we understand on the human level the interpersonal conflicts and larger things that are at stake. you mentioned stalin is a character in the book and other villainous characters with helpful name recognition and real heroes that are fun to cheer for. names i haven't heard before but came to love

and not of their own volition as well as multiple countries and empires in europe england being one among these but not the first to establish a permanent settlement as we discussed as well as indigenous people in durham mingling with africans on what is now the united states of america but racially with indian territory. stretching from the atlantic to the pacific including hawaii and alaska. we don't even called the american revolutionary era. i did that on purpose because it tends to suck all the air out of the room let me recommend i teach a class specifically on that. it does tend to overshadow the rest of the colonial era if included. and most of you, like most americans are asked to think on what colonial history means to you, you thought about a few white men with colors of the atlantic coast that signed the american and fought the revolution. most of us i think, unless we take advanced history courses, or do a lot of outside reading have a pretty narrow conception of what colonial america is. we had a very memorable example of one of your classmates showing a halloween costume is

so, the year before war broke out in europe, and it's written by one of the senior crypt analysts after what became blechley park, and a gentleman john tillman who subsequently worked with the nsa and this is what happened to old spies. he did not actually retire, but he retired from the u.k., and it was not called the government code in ghq, and then he was hired by the nsa and that is how it worked. john tillman worked here for a while, and in fact, for 20 years. but this is what he wrote in 1938. and about the enigma machine, and i don't have to introduce that, but that is cumberbatch there on the right. and what he says about the machine, in 1931, we were provided by the french with photographs and directions of how to use the german machine. and showing you an attachment of the machine which does not appear on the model favorable to the public. okay. the enigma machine was commercial, and if i can make this thing work. this is the thing that tiltman is asking about, this plug board arrangement and the front, which was not available on the commercial machine. the directions, tillman

australia, europe, not as severe as the united states but severe. people are angry, dissolution, resentful, very easy prey to demagogues in the trump variety. in distress for everything. i'm not sure i believe what the center of disease control says about the pandemic. critics in washington, i don't believe anything that they say. you have a breakdown of the social order. happen very much of the way. it's very hard to chase. >> unfortunately we are still having some problems, people hearing you and i'm not sure if the problem, it may be on our end. i apologize. there is somebody that is asking about wanting to hear your thoughts as they relate to the title of the book, consequences of capitalism what does it mean and what can be done. it seems to me that is exactly what you have been discussing. is that right? >> first of all there are many different kinds of capitalism. a very broad concept. the fact of the matter is, the so-called communist states are capitalist. soviet russia, communist china. different variants seek capitalism. as we discussed i

we rebuilt europe after world war ii. we over invested in europe after world war ii. we've nevada over invested in ouras urban america. we've never over invested in our ownla schools and our own roads. and as you debate an infrastructure plan, ladies and gentlemen, i ask you to consider whatpl would be the harm of givg a group of people who never had boots and never had strapsea so boot straps. i know i've heard several times, african-americans, pull yourselves up by the bot strapsn still waiting for the boots and the straps in many of these communities and the disparities that you're pointing out, congresswoman, they are a result of that systemic slavery t reconstruction jim crow, i said this to a very dear white frien of mine then other day. african-americans have never o d the good old days. there's never been an age of innocence for african-americans. what were our good old days? our reconstruction? so we are still hoping to form this more perfect union that our forefathers talked about. we're still hoping that the good ole days are still to come so those are the

bill passed in june of 1944 that was a good, you know, almost year before the war in europe ended and, you know, the war against japan continued until -- it gave v.a. just plenty of time to spread the word about the men if fits. so i think printed up all sorts of pamphlets distributed to service members within the military, kind of, like, counseling sessions to inform service members of the different benefits programs. great effort was made to kind of get the word out and to educate military personnel about these new benefit programs that'd be available to them when they got out of the service. they also printed out promotional materials, posters that they plastered all over the walls. so, again, different ways to, again, to influence people, to inform the military personnel. >> absolutely. and i agree with you, that definitely did help with the end of the war about a year out. so, katie, are there any resources or publications you can recommend for folks to learn more about the v.a. hospitals and the programs that were developed for world war ii veterans? >> absolutely. so there's a

behind that line, all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern europe. warsaw, berlin, parag, vienna, budapest, belgrade, bucharest, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in rupture. i must call the soviets and all our the subjects in one form or another, not only to soviet influence, but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from moscow. an attempt is being made by the russians in berlin to build up a quasi communist party in occupied germany by showing special favors to groups of left-wing german leaders. at the end of the fighting last june, the american and british armies withdrew westward in accordance with an earlier agreement to a depth that at some points of 150 miles affront of nearly 400 miles in order to allow our russian allies to occupy the vast expanse of territory which the western democracies had conquered. if now the soviet government tries by separate action to build up a pro-communist germany in their areas, this will cause new serious difficulties in the american and british zones, and

operating in europe. and the example for that is general data and privacy rights -- protection rights, and so this was a standard that europe set and this is now when you go to a website and it says this website has cookies, before this was passed, everybody thought this was going to be the downfall of the internet and then all we did was we found out that we go to a lot of websites with cookies. so i think that's another model where i think europe is probably 15 months to 2 years ahead of us on thinking through the regulatory environment around technology in society. >> doesn't that get called censorship? >> it's going to be called censorship, i think some will. but ultimately, i don't see how a platform like some of the social media companies are any different than a news agency or a television station or a newspaper, right? and so just like when the debatl ads on social media came out i said we should treat political ads the same on social media the same way you treat it on television and print media.

pretty much british tatesmen have been -- statesmen have been in there being a balance of power in europe which meant the united kingdom and whatever it was at the time was not going to be under the threat of invasion. and so when we look back at british history, the sort of narrative arc, you can see the same kind of threats posed by elizabeth the i -- sorry, philip the ii and then louis xiv. and then the threat of napoleon, the kaiser, all of those five tracks were for the balance of power in europe. and churchill wanted to prevent that from happening, and so he worried about the kaiser. then, of course, 25 years later he was the first person and, indeed, for a long time the only person to warn about the threat with adolf hitler and the nazis and the balance of power in europe. you finally find, of course, in the speech in missouri in march 1936 that he makes the same statement potentially about the soviets and the way in which stalin posed a severe threat to eastern europe and the integrity and independence of those countries there. so it's warning, it's early warning, it's also incred

i was somebody who went to europe fairly often early in my career. and then i did a flip-flop and ended up going to asia a lot. and my body will tell you, it's a lot longer to get to china and korea and japan than it is to great britain. i go to europe now, it's like, i guess i'll stop in atlanta momentarily. but i can tell you, you think a long time about how you get to tokyo or beijing or seoul. my solution was to stop in hawaii for r&r and then go on. but unless you really do it and appreciate the distances, you can't understand the pacific war. >> next question is to your right, halfway back with connie. >> this may with a modified version of the dutch and british first. assume the fleet stays in san diego, that they're not moved to haerl harbor, that the japanese bypass the philippines and guam, make no attack on the u.s. and declare the greater east asia co-prosperity sphere is done, they guarantee the future security of australia and new zealand, do we attack them? >> so we're assuming they do attack great britain and they take singapore and m

january 1941 1942 the united states decided quite purposefully that they would first fight the war in europe. and then fight the war in the pacific. and this was a conscious decision on the part of us in our allies and finally in may 1945. we pivoted towards asia the defeat of germany accomplished. it was now time to turn the attention of the alliance the united states specifically the alliance towards asia. so i would think that 1945 represents the second pivot towards asia. there was a third there is a third it's going on right now the administration sometime ago announced this pivot towards asia a reflection, i think. of the fact that that china has has changed its status and the result of that change in status has changed our focus and our emphasis. the chinese government junked marxism adopted capitalism and suddenly they have an economic engine of such extraordinary power that it has forced our attention to the pacific but in fact that hasn't happened either because of the tragedies and in north africa the middle east and southwest asia the pivot i'm going to tell you about in the 1830

europe was enslaved, and the world prayed for his rescue. here in normandy, the rescue began. here, the allies stood and fought against tyranny in a giant undertaking, unparalleled in human history. we stand on a lonely windswept point on the northern shore of france. there is soft, but 40 years ago at this moment, the air was dense with smoke and the cries of men, and the air was filled with the crack of rifle fire and cannon. at dawn, on the morning of the 6th of june 1944, 225 rangers jumped off the british landing craft and ran to the bottom of these cliffs. their mission was one of the most difficult and during of the invasion. to climb this shear and desolate cliff and take out the enemy guns. the allies have been told that some of the mightiest of these guns were here. and they would be trained on the beach is to stop the allied advance. they renters walked up and saw the enemy soldiers at the edge of the cliff, shooting down at them with machine guns and throwing grenades. and the american rangers began to climb. they shot rope ladders over the face of these cliffs, an

and lastly i would just give an example of europe. europe also has high labor costs. it's not like china. and they are able to success fell locate significant battery manufacturing in europe with a concerted effort on supply and demand push and pull policies. >> thank you. let me ask you another question. i appreciate that answer. there's another zero emission transportation option, and that's hydrogen power fuel cell vehicles. i'm just curious. what's your thoughts on the future of hydrogen transportation? >> i will say that essentially the policy of technology -- technology has always surprised us. so currently it appears battery technology has moved much quicker, and it presents a competitive or highly cost saving option to cars. especially heavy-duty vehicles, ships and trains it could become a very competitive option. to keep all options open and keep technology policy nutral and invest in rnd. >> would a large investment in grants or loans in midstream sectors, battery materials processing and battery materials manufacturing incentivize private investment and fu

the miraculous recovery of western europe and japan, the almost unprecedented prosperity in the u.s. which was a different kind of prosperity then we have known because it was a middle-class prosperity. it was growth the basically spread throughout the country. we didn't have the extremes of wealth and income that we have today. so it's a real question. if it succeeded so well why did nixon and his at visors decide to take the dollar from gold or put another way why did they take a sledgehammer to the agreement and that's the story that i told and i think what they did has had reverberations right through today. >> we will get into some of those reverberations. the important thing for our audience and for people looking at the book is the description of the characters that evolved. you have john connolly who we know well here in texas. we have henry kissinger and george shultz paul volcker at that meeting and i wonder if you can give us a little insight as to how that impacts the dynamics of what president nixon was seeking to do. >> first let me explain why the delink to the dollar

and this is the kind of america i fought for in the south pacific and the kind my brother died for in europe. no one suggested then that we might have a divided loyalty. that we did not believe in liberty. or that we belonged to a disloyal group that threatened the freedoms for which our forefathers died. in fact, this is the kind of america for which our forefathers did die. when they fled here to escape religious oaths that denied office to members of less favored churches, when they fought for the constitution, the bill of rights, the virginia statute of religious freedom. when they fought at the shrine i visited today, the alamo. side by side with bowie and crocket, no one knows whether they were catholics or not. for there was no religious test there. i ask you tonight to follow in that tradition, to judge me on the basis of 14 years in the congress. on my declared stands against the ambassador to the vatican, against unconstitutional aid to pa -- parocial schools. instead of doing this, do not judge me on the basis of these pamphlets and publications we have all seen that carefully sel

so what you are looking at is a raging pandemic in a supply challenge that europe will be addressing and other pharmaceutical companies will have their drugs licensed towards the the end of this year, but in that hour of desperation, it felt that it needed to bring the vaccines back online in particular to get the second shots and the health care workers reached. that is no excuse for what china did in that context. >> i appreciate that. what from your position at covax, what are you finding as far as the other countries acceptance of the chinese vaccine, and, you know, here in the u.s., we see even, even slight ineffectiveness is greeted with real disdain, and as we read what is going on with the chinese vaccine, it seems to be low quality as compared to what we are producing. what is happening there? what are the countries saying about getting the chinese vaccine? >> well, as you know, you know, different studies have, have yielded different, different research findings as it relates to a different number of vaccines on the global market, including the two chinese vaccines in quest

for example, canada, great britain, and most of europe allows access to abortion right up until viability and it also doesn't have the same barriers in place -- >> what do you mean, even if they have nominal lines earlier? >> some countries, your honor, have a nominal line of 12 weeks or 18 weeks but they permit legal access to abortion after that point for broad social reasons, health reasons, socioeconomic reasons. so their regimes aren't comparable. they also don't have the same types of barriers we have here. if the court were to move to line substantially backwards, and 15 weeks is nine weeks before viability, your honor, it's quite a bit backwards, it may need to reconsider the rules around regulations, because if it's cutting the time period to obtain an abortion roughly in half, then those barriers are going to be much more important. >> thank you. >> ms. rickelman, i have a question about the safe haven laws. petitioner points out that in all 50 states, you can terminate parental rights by relinquishing a child after abortion. and i think the shortest period might have been 48 ho

fought overseas in europe during world war ii. this is and here's a photo of some of the the black women who served in europe. black americans and the military during world war ii faced racism and discrimination really horrible treatment in europe both by white american soldiers and sometimes by europeans the troops are segregated by race. they lived in seven often lived in segregated barracks. many relegated to menial duties some veterans that i talked to during my reporting told me that um black soldiers are often ill-treated and that sometimes the german prisoners were actually treated better than the black american soldiers the german prisoners. sometimes had more rights and privileges given to them than black american soldiers. it's really a very jarring scene to imagine. i'd like to pause for a moment to greet our viewers who are watching us from all around the country. good morning to you. thank you for joining us from omaha, nebraska, boynton beach, florida, farmington, connecticut tullahoma tennessee, not far away and reh

this may be in places such as alaska, the tropics, europe, or somewhere in the far east. a principal area of concern of the modern army nurse is the various action programs being conducted in the developing countries of the world. they contribute here in a different kind of war. the war against hunger, ignorance and disease. nursing and civic action includes many diversified activities. principally it is the extension of medical and nursing care to people who desire and need help. the nurse also provides assistance where natural disasters such as the iranian earthquake which destroyed homes and villages. in fact anywhere our troops have emission the army nurse is there, not only to administer to them but to the people of the country as well. here in santa domingo, the soldiers are true to tradition as a treat and heal a local civilian. education of the people and other lands is an important part of the civic action program. this also includes the medical education of health personnel. in extending this assistance, army nurses are not hampered by specified boundaries. they

you've probably heard of the monuments in europe, they were in japan too. but in japan they were different the role wasn't one about censorship than going around protecting cultural objects from war. they are going to go to museums and religious sites throughout the country and make sure the content does not glorify militarism. there is a home in japanese institution that gives grandson's day afloat and share japanese culture with the rest of the world for this is going to be very, very successful in this mission. i think even today have very powerful voices. macarthur realizes always happy to exercise what he called soft power in this arena. what's interesting that his wife, mrs. macarthur will become a great patron of arts and culture in japan and there will be a lot of cultural interchange between the united states and japan while they are there in country. another goal macarthur has is to re- democratize japan. in 1845 individual average rate in japan are somewhat limited. only landowners and the very, very wealthy can vote. ownership of industry and ow

third, the army is opening doors in the indo-pacific, europe and beyond. the army can be relied upon to engage with our allies, foster partnerships, maintain deterrence and set conditions for success prior to or while engaging in conflict. deterrence requires boots on the ground. and the department must be present to succeed in crises. the army is recognized as an enduring, reliable partner that can directly contribute by bringing resources, training and expertise. our partnerships can lay the groundwork for access and cooperation during contingencies. fourth, the next conflict will be an all-domain conflict. future conflict will be in, across, all domains with ground forces to secure terrain, penetrate defenses and achieve objectives. the army's transformation is directly aimed at supporting the joint war fight and -- which will depend on the joint all-domain command and control concept, expeditionary joint logistics and joint maneuver across domains. as the army continues to modernize, we'll maintain our overmatch against near peer adversaries hoping to

that the remarkable miracle economy after world war ii and all the ruins that had taken place in europe as a result of the bombing and the war and the combat. europe had recovered the west had recovered america had become and now the global power that it was and it was a country of enormous prosperity. but the post-war boom was pending. we were very wealthy in this country. in fact, there's a a historian to be able by the name of david potter who wrote a book in the 50s called people of plenty. and we were people of plenty. but the vietnam war and there were other matters as well that came to be all moved us to a point of reckoning beginning in 1973 related to that prosperity. and this war this moment? really had brought about a fundamental change in american society that we all live with still today. because the post-war era the period roughly from 1945 to 1970 was one that historians like to refer to as the era of consensus and we've talked about consensus this idea of consensus in the class. it was the belief that america stood for a very small set of things the future progress democ

this concentrates -- google has removed 43% of the takedown requests its received in europe. that could never happen in america because of the faith that offenses to dignity are not sufficient to suppress speech because of our overwhelming faith in the power of reason deliberation. we think as long as there's time enough to deliberate, then speech should prevail. friends, the great challenge to this madisonian faith today is the element of time. is there time enough to deliberate now in this frantic world of tweets and referendum, brexit votes and twitter polls and instagram? when people are making decisions with snap judgments and the passion that the framers feared, is facebook and twitter consistent with madisonian democracy? this is a central, urgent question that we must discuss together as citizens and it's clear that the speed with which information is disseminating and the ease with which factions can mobilize online are a direct threat to the madisonian faith. madison thinks, don't worry about factions mobilizing quickly. america is so big, they'll never be able to f

there had been leftist movements like the weathermen, there were leftists, the red army faction in europe. there are also right wing movements, patriot movements, posse comitatus. both these groups could get together and agree on nothing about the political outcomes they want but they both agree the target they've chosen is the united states government that is oppressing both the rights of african-americans, whether you want to look at, you know, philadelphia and the battle in downtown philadelphia, or you want to look at right wing movements in idaho. they are all identifying the exact same enemy, that is, the national security state and all of the conspiracies of the federal government. in 1991, george h.w. bush, bones man, yale man, former head of the cia, comes forward and gives a speech about the new world order. many people who heard that said, that makes sense, the soviet union has just fallen, we have had a 50-plus-year cold war in which we split the world between communist and capitalist. now one of those is gone. it is time to remake the world and the phrase "a new world order"

. >> john adams look like he did all the hard work in europe and here but it seemed like he was the bulldog doing all of the work. [laughter] >> thank you bruce pretty. >> people doubt it monticello want to agree with you down but i am an adams fan and david and i testify before some committees in congress front again a monument or memorial. and i have been public said that i believe there ought to be an adams memorial on the tidal basin as sufficient distance from the jefferson boylston listening take turns casting shadows over each other's faÇades. an adams was long overdue and i don't want him to be replaced by jefferson and i think that the correspondence in the twilight years, between 1812 - 1826, is the culminating correspondence of the revolutionary generation and some sense, the revolution is not complete until those two people are together. so i want to leave jefferson on mount rushmore and there's no place of their for adams but i don't think that any kind of stone monument with do adams justice nobles has to be flesh and blood but i appreciate the man's interest in adam's memory

herbert hoover in his mission of compassion was the most influential man in europe constituted not an interlude in herbert hoover, a rare fulfillment. from which he was being faithful, when in which public service - consciously nourished ideals, required every question, the life to which god had called him, whether humble or exalted. the conception that could be mentioned without self-consciousness. each person should show diligence in his calling, that he should purchase simplicity and that he should accept responsibility for some unique contribution to the total community. the most important thing to say about herbert hoover is he has demonstrated an ethic which is identical with that which made america great. some suppose we have outgrown it or we ought to outgrow it but a life like that which we honor today is the best reputation of that position. it is not unreasonable to see herbert uber's life in 6 major chapters, first, a boy in iowa and oregon. third, engineer in various countries, director of relief. it might be supposed the last of these chapters - and said his influence ha

i asked about being a navigator, and they said if we ask you to bomb europe, you would probably end up in tokyo. they would not take me anywhere. my career in the army was i would say i think i was fighting the american army more than the german army. there were times when i was very tempted to use the broom in ways in which they had not anticipated, from which i refrained, but i was honorably discharged as a sergeant of infantry after three years of military service. they said, you landed on the beaches of normandy, didn't you? i said yes, i did. you crossed the rhine on a contour bridge driving a jeep -- yes, so they said, well, all of that, and you did it without getting killed or wounded -- that's why we give you these battle stars. there were very few who had five battle stars. but i survived and i was a jeep driver. i had painted on the front, "always home." but when they were finally assigning me to do war crimes work, i said, just get out of my way. i'll do the job, and i did. and they did get out of my way. i had a free hand, and the reason they could do that was while i was s

as a lesson for europe, we were taking around 12,000 a month. they made wonderful citizens for the united states all over. [applause] host: president carter, one of the most difficult, and i think frustrating experiences in your tenure, was when the iranians seized hostages in tehran. and, even though they were not released until you left office, the release was the work of your administration. now, president obama has secured an agreement with iran to prevent the creation of a nuclear weapon for at least a decade. how do you view that agreement in terms of what it means for peace in the middle east and what it might mean for the future of iran, internally? pres. carter: what many people do not realize was, when the shah was overthrown, immediately, we established relationships with the revolutionary government. that was the government to whom i credited the hostages being taken. i believe, then and now, that we should deal with the country with whom we disagree, and not just build a barrier to exacerbate the situation. i have been long awaiting

until viability even if there are nominal lines earlier, for example, canada, great britain and most of europe allows access to abortion right up until viability -- >> what do you mean, even if they have nominal lines earlier? >> some countries, your honor, have a nominal line of 12 weeks, 18 weeks, but they permit legal access to abortion after that point for broad social reasons, health reasons, socioeconomic reasons, so they're really not comparable and don't have the same types of barriers we have here. so if the court were to leave the line substantially backwards, and 15 weeks, your honor, they may have to consider the time period, if they're cutting the time period roughly in half those measures are much more important. >> viability in question puts abortion in flux, from the new york times. our question for you is about the future of the roe v wade decision. if you are in favor of overturning, i should say, the roe v wade decision, that line if you are in favor, 202700081. >> caller: i just think it should be upheld, i heard from that gentlemen from indiana earlier that we are going ba

if europe is not afraid of the soviets, if europe is living peacefully, they are going to, quite logically, say thank you for your service, american army, who has been there since 1945. we would like you to go home now. you are not actually that popular in many places in the world, because, frankly, no one likes to have an occupying army in their country, even an ally. and there was a lot of fire and fury politically throughout the 19 eighties over the deployment of, for example, american short-range nuclear weapons. think about what i just said and the geography of that. the united states wanted to deploy short-range nuclear weapons in germany, with a range of about 15 kilometers. the phrase that went around at that time, in the german parliament, was, you have to understand, the shorter the missile, the dead or the german. they understood that the american armies presents, in a sense, was a reason for the soviets, in their weird logic, to keep their military presence. once you have to military presence is, anything can happen. bush and those around him feared that americans might be aske

in the border between the mainland europe and the iberian peninsul more or less 80% of the country is southern of the pyrenees. 20% of the country is north of the pyrenees so we are just let's say in the south of england so the bay of disguise between the basque country and and england we know that more or less 60,000 people in the us called themselves basque. this is based in sensors data at the same time. we know that there is a larger population of basque descendants, and we know that also because they are more basques that participate in basque events or bus clubs that the numbers in the censors. the largest community in the us is in in the san francisco area. the second largest one is in boise, idaho, and we are in the third largest area of past population. and nevada has what is called a bus capital of nevada, which is elko in northeast, nevada. and then here we have also a very strong community of bass that is organized around around the the bus club here. one of the most interesting parts of our bus collection is the photograph collection we host around 25,000 items in that co

there's greater grounds for prohibiting hate speech in europe than there is in the us holocaust denial is forbidden and germany as well as france and james whitman the yale scholar has the most wonderful article about two conceptions of privacy liberty versus dignity where he says the european permissions for the prohibition of hate speecher rooted in protections of dignity. whereas the us is more focused on liberty. so take us out to a us european comparison and tell us about the kinds of speech that could be banned under your european and international instruments. that could not be banned in the us. the hate speech is a good example, and i think it's important to understand that the united states has come to a position. that is highly protective of the right to free speech but it didn't start there the supreme court when it first began interpreting the first amendment in 1919 upheld the convictions of a broad range of individuals who would criticized world war i and the draft on the ground that such speech could interfere with the ability of the government to to draft soldiers and t

those forces were moving east into southern and eastern europe. the flow of migration to the united states was beginning to change in the 1880s, and while there were still germans coming and still folks from central europe coming, increasingly there were folks coming from southern and eastern europe where we had never gotten a significant migration flow from before. there was a lot of fear, a lot of anxiety about what that would mean. were the states up to processing all these newcomers? did they have the power and the organizational capacity to handle what was on the horizon and the federal government's answer was no. and so it became a matter of making immigration a federal issue, a matter that would be handled by federal officers at federal immigration depots, and even the medical inspection would be handled by the offices of the u.s. marine hospital service, a service that could trace its roots back to 1798 and a bill signed by john adams, but they would be uniformed physicians of what would later be called the u.s. public health service. and

europe. in 1858, as you all know, he collaborated to produce the competition winning green sword plan for central park and it was interrupted by the civil war. at which point he worked himself into the state of collapse, organizing medical facilities, supplies and logistics for the wounded as the head of the sanitary commission for the u.s. and following which that situation, he took his family to california. by that point he had married his brother's widow and adopted her children. and then later they had some of their own. well, he went to california to organize and plan facilities for a mining company in the sierra and preserved it. next when the company collapsed financially in 1865, he did return to new york and in part responding to the pleas from calvert vox to come help with prospect park and with the continuation of central park, but not before becoming involved in the college of california in berkeley across the bay from san francisco. earlier in 1861, while he had been in new york

diana villiers negroponte with a global fellow at the wilson center's global europe program. where

they could form armies and come and take over europe. it's the same language as the 12th 12th century. so that was probably the most important original discovery i made, and it really had to do with what was happening, the attacks on chinese. we live here in san francisco. our population is 50% chinese. i live in new chinatown, you know, so i don't see this even though some of these incidents did happen in san francisco. i feel very comfortable living, you know, the best neighbors i've ever had our chinese neighbors. so i think i hadn't thought deeply enough when i started the book, but as i get into that research, that was really profound to me to find the long roots of that and a difficult it is going to be to do with it. >> so -- >> we could see war with china. the uss warships in the south china sea pointed at china. >> yes. and i was going to add something about, so in one way this question is ancient and get its present and future. it involves a lot about identity of the united states and the constant changing face of the united st

europe warns its gas prices surge will drive up food costs. biden asks opec to up oil production while limiting u.s. energy production. qatar petroleum signs a 15-year l&g supply deal with china. qatar petroleum boosts l&g production. qatar places a $760 million order with china for liquid gas ships. energy costs are stoking inflation, just look at u.s. gas prices. home heating sticker shock, the cost of natural gas is up 30%. food prices the highest in years. thank you. it's been said, of course, many times in this committee, in a number of hearings, that we are facing a national climate emergency. and i think it's important to put this conversation in context because of course any discussion on any climate solution must be a global one. we know the environment doesn't stop at our borders and we have to be thoughtful in that when we are enacting policies and certainly discussing potential solutions. i think it's also important that we be able to have this conversation without the hysteria from the extreme left. often there's a sad effort to g

we will see in regard to this in europe as well when it gets cold. the other thing is china, i think we have to be careful not to overstate what china is, china has internal threats coming to roost here. we are -- there one child policy years ago is making china the oldest country in the world and that will impact their workforce and other things so there's a lot of things that will preclude china from achieving their goals but one i want to emphasize, this is where the pentagon grows is cybersecurity arena. recently the washington post, they highlighted resignation for the defense official who said war on cybersecurity work china has already lost. i spent a fair amount of my time on cybersecurity issue. constantly it is not lost. if we apply ourselves and organize ourselves, the better way which to take on this fight, the u.s. can be the global leader on cybersecurity issues and render ourselves relatively impenetrable and completely secure in a relatively short period of time and provide that capability to our friends and allies so this is a near-t

read and a look at the cultural life of the cold war mainly the united states partially as well and europe. any moment when american foreign-policy and national forn policy and national security policy was about containment, the american artistic and cultural world kind of exploded. he explores composers and novelists and artists and painters and essayists. each chapter it is a lengthy book around 800 or so pages and each feels like a mini book in itself or for any other number of art forms that were prevalent in this period. it's the weirdest thing because i didn't want it to end. i wanted it to keep going. i feel in some ways it spoke to his prior book. in moments when it's having second thoughts, when the country is going through cultural and intellectual shifts and he's able to kinda zero in on those moments, so that was a book that i very much enjoyed reading. >> host: another book before we close the discussion, nicole hannah jones, the importance of that book. >> i think that project was able to bring to the floor it massive conversation, a seismic conversation about the legacy of s

we made quotas that made it impossible for refugees from europe, and particularly jewish refugees from coming into the united states. not a very comfortable image. we'd still like to say that -- but it's a lot more complicated in that. >> this idea because of our darkest chapters this is popping up in a lot of questions here. there's some weighing in on the debates between the 16 19 project, and the 1776 project which the trump administration had just put out. there are some thoughts i want to share with you i want to get to the way. in people are talking with the removal of confederate statues. very much an area of debate for folks. one person was saying, i don't think they should be destroyed as they represent and ugly part of our history, but can they somehow demonstrate the horror that those people perpetrated as a reminder, instead of just glorifying those people. there's another related question saying, that is far statues are concerned, i've heard that removing them sanitizing a dark place in our history. secretary would you make of that? >> i think it's important to realize tha

well, you know, joe biden is in europe right now. maybe it's time for the person in charge of the border from this administration to go to the border. there's a reason joe biden doesn't want to go to the border. there's a reason kamala harris doesn't want to go to the border. there's a reason senate democrats on this committee doesn't want to go to the border. because they know if they go to the border the tv cameras will come with them and they have no answer for this humanitarian crisis that is playing out. i challenge my colleagues on the committee, go and look at the biden cages. i have seen them. cage after cage after cage of little boys and little girls packed capacity. covid rate of positive, 10%. go look at the children that are paying the price for this failed immigration policy. and let's be clear. this crisis is the direct result of decisions made by joe biden and kamala harris. tu first week in office biden halted construction of the border wall. the first week in office biden returned to the failed policy of catch and re