what is interesting here is he is buried in arlington, right in front of the arlington house overlooking the city that he designed. this is the map of the permanent system of highways for the district of columbia. it was dated 1914. you will notice that the arlington reservation is right here -- fort meyer is right here. one of the items not on the inventory, but we knew was here, is a list of confederate dead. people ask me why is this list included? 1915 was the 50th anniversary of the civil war. and you had these civil war union and confederate veterans reconciling. there was a big push to reconcile between the north and the south, and arlington was a centerpiece of the reconciliation. the public buildings act of the 1950's added a confederate, fred beale. he placed the list of confederate dead as the union veterans placed their program. another thing i point out is that, if you look at the original drawings, there was a statue planned. but all of that went by the wayside in november of 1920. just months after this building was dedicated, the british and french interred their soldiers

the arlington ladies will provide a letter. we want all of those who have a hand in arlington national cemetery -- we are an active cemetery, so we want everyone who plays a part in that to have a role in this new memorabilia box. ms. smith: so, our new memorabilia box -- or time capsule -- will be of slightly different materials. we will go with something that represents our time. we are going with a stainless steel box. instead of soldering it closed, it will have a sealed gasket, and be bolted closed. we will also have some modern decoration. this box had a bronze plaque on top. you're going to have laser engraving on our lid with the anc seal. and the year to be opened. we are going to use slightly different technology, hopefully, to try to keep the condition in our box supportive for the objects. we are going to try to get the temperature and humidity right, and dry out the environment. so we are going to try to remove some of the oxygen, put desiccant and absorbers in there. we may even flush out some of the oxygen. we ar

the designer for the city of washington laid in state when at arlington national cemetery. on his way, they paused so that he could receive state honors to the capitol building. they felt it was that important as they were paying tribute to a figure who had, for a brief time, fallen into obscurity and was buried in a pauper's grave. and then relevant to world war i, the admiral of the navy george doey was laid in state in 1917 before we get to the world war i unknown in 1921. congress also played a role in supporting the memory and the preservation of and the tribute to those who have made the ultimate sacrifice, the last full measure of devotion to our country. in 1862, the omnibus act, which included a provision here. you can see from the national archives, an image of it and a transcription, and it provided the president with the authority to acquire land and create national cemeteries for those who gave that last full measure of devotion, those who died in service of the country. and ever since, the congress has been involved in preserving the memory and supporting thos

he offered the legislation to create the tomb of the unknown soldier and place it at arlington national cemetery just across the river from our capitol city as a monument for the nation to mourn those lost, whether they came home or not. so, as i mentioned, there were a great number of unknown soldiers who had perished by the end of the first world war. and the selection process was actually really rather fascinating. i should mention that they gathered from several different major battlefields, different unknown soldiers who had fallen in battle, and they brought them to a small town in the champagne region of france where one of the highest decorated enlisted soldiers, enlisted veterans of the war made the final selection of the anonymous flag-draped coffin to be the unknown soldier to rest at arlington in eternal memory and glory as a symbol, as a tangible representation of all of those other unknowns and all of those others who were intered across an ocean from their families and loved ones. this image you see here is a soldier being brought ashore. and he's brought to shore from th

i should mention before we get into that, there are a significant number of unknowns buried at arlington from the civil war, more than 2000 remain in a large memorial, we could get into that a little later but you get to the spanish-american war fought farther from location than the civil war, mexican american and revolutionary war of 1812 and you have a policy and acted, repatriation bringing back the remains of deceased service members who died fighting barry closer to home. that conflict did not last quite as long had significantly fewer casualties than the first world war which placed decision-making how to deal with repatriation and the importance of a tomb of the unknown soldier. before we get to that, i will mention in 1913, congress approved and authorized spending for the government to create a new memorial amphitheater at arlington national cemetery. the cemetery had been civil war and they recognize the need for a larger more somber space to accommodate the visitors who were there to pay tribute to their deceased loved ones so they appropriated funds and authorized spending to

that the departure for the journey to arlington national cemetary. little john junior, who is three years old this day, responds to a whispered request from his mother. (drumming) as the cortez crosses the bridge over the potomac river, there is a distant view of a memorial building dedicated to another martyred president, abraham lincoln. now the last goodbye to john f. kennedy. we (taps) >> the flag that has covered the casket is folded. it is passed from hand to hand by the utter guard. ♪ ♪ it is received by the widow. mrs. kennedy ignites an eternal flame at the head of her husband's grave. john face gerald kennedy reaches the end of his earthly journey. those he loves leave him at the great hills of arlington cemetery. the new president takes over is duties at once, for the presidency is a continuing institution. with secretary of state dean ross can out his side, he receives the distinguished leaders who attended the funeral. he expresses to them americas gratitude for their sympathy that is come from all over the world. ♪ ♪ president j

silent film on the journey of the remains of an unknown american world war i soldier from france to arlington national cemetery. >> allison, how did this whole concept of the unknown soldier being honored come about? >> it really goes back to the beginning of the mechanicization of warfare you see expand during world war i. you get a lot more unidentifiable remains. of course you had a lot in the civil war, but people really were struggling with the fact that they could not figure out who many of these casualties were. so great big and france in 1920 buried an unknown soldier in each of their countries. in great big it was in westminster abbey and in france it was under the arc de triomphe. hamilton fish of new york submitted legislation to before an unknown soldier from the u.s. >> here the casket is being carried down the steps of the capitol, a scene modern americans are familiar with similar ceremonies in our time and put on the horse-drawn that will make it through the streets of washington and over to arlington cemetery. let's watch for just a minute. >> so that is where today you see t

in april 2000 20 -- cornerstone of the national arlington cemetery. we visit arlington to see the contents with tim frank and caitlin smith. >> in order to talk about this memorabilia box, in 1854 we buried the firstdi

even more so at arlington, when he marries into the customs property at arlington. but there's also two other properties along the river. all told there is something like 190 slaves who are part of those properties. and robert lee benefits from that. when he marry so that he benefits from their work, their labor. he has a family who is one of the custis slaves. hurries wife has slaves who will wait on her. and they will assist with the children. they go on vacation. so, lee certainly benefits from the slave system even if he doesn't himself have personal title to large numbers of slaves. he doesn't. the curious thing is he really says nothing about slavery for years and years and years. not until the 18 fifties when slavery is becoming a crisis issue in american politics. and it's issuing to interesting that he talks about it at all because li had learned very early in his political career, military career, not to talk about politics. soldiers who talked about politics or who got mixed up in politics usually suffered for it. he saw that happen in the case of his fir

those he loved leave him to the green hills of arlington cemetery. the new president takes over his duties at once, for the presidency is a continuing institution. with secretary of state dean rusk at his side, he receives the distinguished leaders who attended the funeral. he expresses to them america's gratitude for the sympathy that has come from all over the world. ♪ president johnson has all along been a strong supporter of john f. kennedy's policies. already he has made known that he intends to press for early enactment of the late president's civil rights bill. president johnson has traveled widely in asia, europe, africa, the americas, and knows the aspirations of their peoples. he has assured the world that while defending the interests of free nations, he will continue the quest for peace. ♪ >> you're watching american history tv. every weekend on c-span3, explore our nation's past, american history tv on c-span3. created by america's cable television companies. and today we're brought to you by these television companies who provide am

county which is why i live in arlington. we don't have a whole lot of exciting things that happen in arlington during the four years of the war because we're basically a giant parade ground and they're busy building the perimeter forts like cf smith and fort runyan. so here you've got the soldiers. it's like sing around the campfire. they're having a really good time and gifford likes focusing on moments of quiet camaraderie and what you get in even in the ruins of bombed out forth sumpter here is conrad wise chapman painting exactly the same scene. it's just that instead of it being kind of a life-affirming moment. you've got all these little clusters of men trying to keep warm and there is that same confederate flag that he detailed over there stubbornly flying in the wake of the navy waiting to get shot down another day they're interested in the same things. they're looking at the world the same way and as an art historical note, this is a guy who grew up looking at teopolo and canaletto and gouty and nobody paints skies

though married into one of the foremost families of virginia, the cost of arlington, arlington overlooked facing the national capitol, not virginia. his in-laws allies the nation first of state loyalty "afterwards". we could not more in 18612 factors. first, harry lee for all of his revolutionary fame had been our clock husband and father and left family when robert was only six years old. the shadow harry cast over the lee name was one of robert struggles to redeem the broad street of perfectionism in his behavior. robert also yearned to briefly of his father's reputation and otherwise. he wanted independence and wanted to be his own man and one sense his marriage was an attempt to stake out a room for himself but he also yearned for security. the security his father denied him so while most of lee's contemporaries left the army as soon as i received their taxpayer provided college degree decently resigned and go into private engineering practice other professions, stays with him as the one certain profession could count on. a huge factor in this pursuit of independence, security and per

even more so at arlington, when he marries into -- there is the main property at arlington, but there are also other properties along the river. all told, there is something around 190 sleeves who are part of those properties. robert lee benefits from that. when he marries into that, he benefits from their, work their labor, he has a bully who is one of the slaves, he a's wife has slaves, and they will assist with the children. they go on vacation, the slaves go with them. we certainly benefits from the slave system, even if he doesn't himself have personal titled to a large number of slaves. the curious thing is he really says nothing about slavery for years, and years, and years. not until the 1850s won slavery is becoming a crisis issue in american politics. and, it's interesting that he talks about it at all, because he had learned early on in his political career, not to talk about politics. soldiers who talked about politics, or who got mixed up in politics usually suffered for it. he saw it happen in the case of his first mentor, he saw what happened to winfield scott as a conc

he went that navy with the uss in new york, uss arlington, what does that mean for you? why does the navy seals feel compelled to have these vessels? >> we name our ships after great battles, great leaders, great location significant locations and events in our nations history. to have something tangible to inspire us. if you are part of the crew something remind you of the greatness of our nation and the greatness of our people and our ability to respond to challenges and overcome. i am very proud of all of our ships in all of our sailors. i'm especially proud to have that uss new york and that uss arlington as part of the ships i work with every day. >> when you went to bed early in the morning on september the 12th, first of all did you or to bed? did you get some sleep? >> no, i could not get to sleep there's too much to think about. too many people to think about and try to member to call or write a note too. my mom, lisa, my kids, there was lots to do. i took a shower and got to it. >> host: what was racing thier head? >> guest: uncertainty about my friend but cert

his wife's family in particular, arlington, owned many enslaved people, or arlington itself being benefitted from that enslaved labor, and at the same time, lee, is a gracious public correspondent, makes reference to see his disapproval of the institution of slavery but ties that to disapproval because it's bad for white people which is a really just crazy rationalization happening there. and despite his expression of disapproval, his family was supported, in large part, by enslaved labor. so can you talk through a little about lee's thinking around slavery and how he drew some of those rationalizations and conclusions? >> lee grows up, so to speak, with slavery. his parents own slaves. his mother owns slaves when they were living in alexandr, ia, at least six slaves in the household, when ann carter dies in '89, part of her estate is the disposition of the slaves, some are parted towards her two daughters, in this case, ann kenlock lee, said marshal because she married a marshal, becomes ann lee marshal and her sister mildred lee, but one slave family is willed to robert, or at least in ter

and though lee married into one of the foremost families of virginia, the costas of arlington, arlington overlooked the potomac, facing the national capital, not virginia. and his if-laws were wigs who had the nation first and state loyalties afterwards. but lee could not ignore however in 1861 were two factors. first, light horse harry lee, for all of his revolutionary fame, had been a hard luck husband and father. and left his family for the west indies when robert was only 6 years old. the shadow that light horse harry cast over the lee name was one that robert struggled to redeem. hence that broad streak of perfectionism in his behavior. robert also yearned to breathe free of his father's reputation in other ways. one in independent and his own man and his marriage to mary custas was a way to stake out realm for himself. but he also yearned for security. the security his father had denied him. so while most of lee's contemporaries at west point left the army as soon as they had received their taxpayer provided college degree and could go into private engineering practice or some othe

on the korean war contemplative bench at the arlington national cemetery inscribed there are the words, the beginning of the end of war lies in remembrance. we shall never forget the selfless service of our heroes. we shall also remember the sorrows of the families who lost their heroes. in 2022 when the wall of remembrance will stand tall before us, i hope for the future generations of the u.s. and korea to meet these unsung heroes by their great names. in 1950 in a land he never knew but only for the love of his country and mankind a soldier tried the path to freedom and peace whose name will long be remembered as part of great history. the republic of korea will continue to honor the invaluable sacrifices our war veterans made. may the heroes rest in peace. i wish everyone here good health and happiness. thank you. [ applause ] >> ladies and gentlemen, the official party will now prepare for the groundbreaking of the wall of remembrance. [ speaking in other language ] >> ladies and gentlemen, please direct your attention to the replica of the wall of remembrance. president moon, sec

the flag has a joush any, a story, whether it's through the sculpture we see in arlington or whether it's what you see here displayed at the museum. other than it being this media moment, i always talk about its journey to us and how it got to the museum. one of the more fascinating stories is it becomes the symbol of the 7th war bond tour. it's the last war bond tour of the war and it becomes the main image used. that war bond tour raises more money for the cause than all the other war bond tours prior to it. i think that's amazing as you think about it. as americans we're paying for a war as it occurs, and even in 1945 while wages were increasing and folks were more worried about improvements after the war, these men are still fighting, that they're still conscious and the flag image and emotion of it could still inspire people to think for their country so much more greatly. the flag continues its journey. there's eventually even after the war, a freedom train that carries an original version of the constitution, the bill of rights, the iwo jima flag. it travels the country to ins

and calling from arlington, virginia, the home of that marine corps memorial, jessica. good morning. >> caller: good morning. thanks for taking my call. i just wanted to say that i so much appreciate the work of the marine corps in trying to educate the public about the war in the pacific. i don't think the public is aware of the war in the pacific as much as the other areas that saw battle throughout the world. so i'm very appreciative of that. and will be thinking of the people that sacrificed their lives this week while the acknowledgement of iwo jima is being recognized. my dad was in the pacific as a marine scout bomber. and he survived. but all that said, thank you so much. and good luck. >> as we noted, the 75th anniversary of the beginnings of the landings at iwo jima begin tomorrow. mr. conner, what's going to be happening at the museum there throughout these days, the 75th anniversary? >> well, we're really excited. the 22nd and 23rd we're going to be showing large numbers of artifacts from the battle sort of highlighting what we've really collected since we'v

also is she still buried in arlington cemetery? >> she is still buried in arlington cemetery. the documents i have which are reports was it senior guy in the fbi was based on the evidence of sources. we do not know for sure she did this. it seems very plausible. those not documents when i don't have them. i got in touch with john fox again at the fbi said can you find these documents for me? take a look. >> i just want to say we love john fox and work with them closely. great to hear his name. [inaudible] [laughter] right we will get the archives open right away. operating in the eastern part of the united states or they tried to bid into the rest of our large country? >> the controlled by pfeiffer in the station operated exclusively. but quite broadly from the south side that's covered. independently, because of the nasis are not able to run their own spies. the little brother that his brother to san francisco. and from sense print san francisco they tried to bring pressure to bear in chemical works information to national security. this goes a german-american. they tried to

so it's really important, the symbol in arlington is just one of those tangible forms of the power of the iwo jima flag raising and what it means to us as americans. >> jane is next out of illinois. good morning. >> caller: good morning. i was wondering how long after the invasion of iwo jima did they invade okinawa? my father has an article from the paper, my father was one of the first two men on okinawa and he was 28 years old. but what i wondered, whether there was more casualties on iwo or was there more on okinawa? i know there was a lot of casualties. also, i remember my dad came back and we were never told to get out of bed, we were always told to hit the deck. and they were never called in for supper, it was always chow down. so there was a lot of different lingo from the marine corps that we absorbed as kids. he was very proud. my brother also served and he was on okinawa. >> jane, thanks so much for the call. so post iwo jima, several months later -- we've already been focusing on okinawa as the next step in the island-hopping campaign that the marines are executing. okinaw

in commemoration of this centennial of the burial of the world war i unknown soldier across town in arlington cemetery only known to god. and finally taps will be played across america by taps across america at 11:112 commemorate the centennial of that unknown soldier and finally i am privileged today to introduce the man who without him this memorial would not exist today who served with and lead with honor and compassion and integrity as the 17th chairman of the joint chiefs of staff admiral mike mullen. [applause] >> thank you terry. is that any better? is there a way to fix the volume? i will try to speak up so everybody can hear me. it is a great honor to be here with you today. i am in particular knowledge in george and your service and what terry didn't say is he was someone who went through and five the battle of the bulge a very special american who has given back for decades to our country after his service in world war ii. thank you george. [applause] i want to say thanks to terry hamby. without his vision and without his persistence this would not have been possible. many of us th

southern white women spent early years of the 20th century raising funds so the arlington national cemetery could for the first time become the site of a major confederate memorial. the formal 1914 ceremony was provided -- presided over by president wilson, who called it an emblem of a reunited people. clearly referring to white people. the sculptor was a former confederate soldier. moses ezekiel, who positioned and idealized -- and idolized white woman on what he called the new south personified. he said he included faithful black servants because he wanted to undermine what he called the lies told about the south and slavery in harriet beecher stowe's 1852 novel "uncle tom's cabin." he hoped it could sway people's ostensible support. the figures in high relief on this are intended to represent the sacrifices, devotion, and heroism of all social classes and races in the southern confederacy. this includes images of loyal slaves including one in which a confederate -- white confederate military officer is kissing his infant child goodbye. the baby is held in the arms of a weeping black mamm

to this day, you can see the flame flickering there in arlington. next, please. these last few slides will show you this concept that allows the presidency and the first lady ship of the kennedys to continue to remain in our mind. misses kennedy you gave to the presidency of her husband a label that really took hold. remember back to the definition of political symbolism. mrs. kennedy said that one of the president's favorite show , the playfrom camelot that ran through his presidency. and she said, there will be a great "presidency a gun but there will never be another camelot." she wanted people to think of what they thought of her husband's thousands day of presidency. she said this very carefully, to a journalist of life magazine. she called him to her one week after his assassination and asked him to use that label. he did and it has stuck to the end. next slide, please. i think the power of the symbol of camelot is that it tapped into what people not only want to think about the kennedy administration and her first lady ship, but it also tapped into another

at arlington or the national at arlington or the national cemeteries that the veterans cemeteries that the veterans affairs affairs manages, they do some great work but those are, in fact, eligible for spouses, for dependents of the veterans as well. >> was this particular plot of >> was this par land originally a temporary cemetery? >> yes. >> yes. we're kind of sort of on the we're kind of sort of on the site of one of the temporary site of one of the temporary cemeteries, that actually ring cemeteries, that actually ring the battlefield of belleau wood. the battlefield of belleau wood. here just behind the camer here just behind the camera, again, and again, and hopefully we'll get a shot of that, was temporary cemetery 1764. there were over 2,000 actual burial sites/temporary cemeteries, post world war i. everything from an isolated burial to a temporary cemetery like 1764. a lot of history with the graves registration, labor betallians in building these sites out and the repatriation of about 60% of american war dead from world war i back to the states at request of family. at the

so the nonna was done here in arlington virginia, it was a big decoding center and the u.s. and the uk had people there, and they had russian edges from the early forties and for various reasons they had tried for years to try to decode them, and they finally found the code and they deciphered punches in bunches of them. and when they did they saw that there was a spy involved in the manhattan project. and it was called rest but they didn't know who rest was but they knew that somebody was involved and they also said things that he had a sister, and they may have gone here and there. so take a look at timeframes and that's how they knew there was somebody. and in two weeks they figured it was probably klaus fuchs. they were 100% sure but he fit everything. so but what is interesting and, to be the interesting piece in this is that he knew that he was going to be uncovered. he knew it, they did not know this or find this out until august of 1949. these messages and this information was in it. in april of 1949, he's stop spying. and i go through this the evidence of what was g

to expand arlington national cemetery there. there are varying sacred things in the land and thereby their claiming cultural space that is their own. sometimes it's just a simple gesture of burying your child properly and freedom. sometimes, you are midwife who is planting herbs, planting roots so that you can have your garden and sometimes, the midwife after she delivered a child varies the placenta and the idea is not just that the placenta is taken by doctor and used but also buried the placenta, maybe your children will come home. maybe that burial ground and set up a framework for one's life. so the home of home persists, cradle-to-grave. and so you have on these islands, the desolate islands that will never be farmsteads, the women saying things like i will always respect her even though i have eight children buried on her. in the slavery to wage labor model, there is breaking out the household. slavery is conceived as a domestic institution, life's breath in the principal but slavery is actually tried to make a gesture to