this leads into what happens at fredericksburg. we usually jump right into fredericksburg itself in december 13th, 1862. but i would like to point out, that alam actually had some gunboats. on the river prior to the battle itself. so he is down south of fredericksburg and helping to see down there, will the army be making a movement further down river? they apparently don't but they are near some gunboats that try to come up the river. and then they are one of the artillery units that have to drive them off, pelham is with them. they have to drive them off the riverbank and keep the gunboats under fire until the river widens. this is the -- point in his military service. okay, so, december 13th, 1862. at this time, armies head established their crossings, they come over to the confederate side of the rappahannock river and they are getting ready for the pass. stewart and cavalry, including pelham and his forces, have come back to the fredericksburg area, stonewall jackson has also come back to the fredericksburg area. and is fillin

this leads into what happens at fredericksburg. we usually jump right to fredericksburg and 62 but i'd like to point out pelham fights off some gunboats on the rappahannock river prior to the battle itself so he's in fredericksburg helping to see what's going on down there and will the army be making a movement further down the river which they ultimately don't put their unique gunboats on the river and pelham is one of the artillery units that helps to drive them off. he can move cannons from point to point along the river bank and keep those gunboats under fire until they get out of his range as the river bidens. a lesser-known point of his military service. fredericksburg december 1862 by this time the union armies had established the crossing and they had come over to the side of the rappahannock river and are getting ready to attack. they have come back to the fredericksburg area and jackson has also come back and is filling in the position along prospect he'll enjoining with division from longstreet corner which was already a

so, fredericksburg. december 13, 1862, by this time union armys have established their crossing and come over to the confederate side of the rappahannock river and getting ready to attack. stuart and calvary including pelham and his horses have come back to the fredericksburg area, general stolewall jackson has also come back to the fredericksburg area and is filling in the position along prospect hill and then joining up with divisions from long street corner which was already in position. so on the morning of december 13th, 1862, pelham gets this idea, nothing much is happening. it is kind of a quiet morning, it is foggy, but they know there are union troops out there in front of jackson's position. pelham asked permission and gets permission to take a single cannon out in front of the confederate lines quite aways, he goes out arks he finds some ground that he really likes. the accounts say it was a bit of a hollow, so he's using topography to help shelter himself and the fog is hiding him as well as

host: fredericksburg, virginia, tara is on the democrat line. caller: hi. i just wanted to say i was listening to heidi and she was so interesting to listen to and the other callers as well. i would like to say i was really relieved to see the democrats really working hard on an infrastructure bill. there is so many dissenting opinions on where to spend the money and how to do it. i just thought things were back to normal. we really need that. the other part of normal i would like to see is a republican party that existed many years ago where they would have been trying to work harder for bipartisan efforts. i am so scared of the current republican party. they are so extreme and there are not enough states people in congress. it is a very worrisome thing. and the third is i would really like to see more oversight of all these media companies on the right. i think so much disinformation is coming out of them that hurts us as a country. host: appreciate your call. on the infrastructure, the president heading to minnesota today. talking about the things in tha

when he left for an apposite fans and uncles in fredericksburg were worried he might come back of his texas character and imbued with all sorts of yankee notions so of course they were horrified when he came home five years later with the young wife in tow of beautiful 20 world catherine vance freeman who is from brooklyn. [laughter] during that visit some of chester's relatives wanted to make sure she knew what was what down here in texas. as members of the family sat around together over coffee one of them pointedly asked chester what would he do now that he was an officer if texas again seceded from the union? would he fight for texas or for that federal government in washington? catherine remembered the woman looking directly at her when she asked this question as if to say now you will see where things stand, yankee girl. chester smiled graciously and answered quietly why of course i would fight for the united states against any rebellion. catherine said the woman dropped her teacup. now this is not quite the same as deciding to leave home on an hours notice and is hypothetical i

it means case troubles starts after the battle of fredericksburg in december of 62 me at that time. it actually performed well, but didn't get support from another third chord general by the name of david bernie and david burney who will serve as a division commander under sickles becomes part of physicals click and i'm convinced that sort of the friction between mead and the officers of the third corps really exists after the battle of fredericksburg. so you have that dynamic going on you have needs sort of being socially excluded from the parties going on and then after the battle of chancellorsville, there's a dispute between mead and hook or well, let me put it this way. there's a dispute between hooker in the different generals over whether or not mead had favored withdrawal back back across the river after the battle of chancellorsville and they start polling all of the generals, you know, did you favor withdrawal? did you want to move forward that sort of thing sickles? of course supports his body hooker mead says, he did not favor withdrawal, but they sort of put him in the

fredericksburg. but fredericksburg when the pontoons relate but then to say all the plans are gone and then to try something new and could not do that he was under political pressure because lincoln demanded that he do so. and that the tactics with the complicated discussion and with that endowment in communications and then to commit his troops and then send it down off and then those attacks that he was blameless but that was not burnside's fault. >> and then to be successor and that everybody thought he was a terrible general and why was he named commander of the enemy afterwards? >> we have time for a couple more questions. of all of the leaders which fascinates you the most? >> that's right about the ones that fascinate me the most. for good bad or ugly and since learning about him and to me robert e. lee is immensely interesting and complicated and i thought a lot about him and you don't get more fascinating than that. and that's the reason why i chose to write about those individuals and then

he's at fredericksburg but primarily a position or that sort of thing. what did i say on the previous slide? one of the things a guy like dan sickles needs is dependent relationships on people above him. and sickles and hooker as probably many thought -- no pun intended -- basically form a relationship within the armo of the potomac that goes from professional to personal. they tend to like to socialize together, and they connect with fifth core commander and future chief of staff dan butterfield. that's late 1862 into early 1863. i always tell people go back during that winter late '62, early '63, read as many memoirs you can from veterans of the army of the potomac. many of them often talk about what a party atmosphere it was. and particularly with these three hooker, you know, is eventually going to take command of the army of the potomac. every time hooker gets promoted kind of like from brigade to corp, sickles gets promoted behind him and they add butterfield in this trio. the three of them basically set kind of a wild social scene within the army

and not at fredericksburg but primarily more in a reserve position. and his rise during that period seems to really be more dependent than anything on his relationship with joe hooker. so what did i say on the previous slide? one of the things that a guy like sickles is a dependent relationship on people above him. and sickles and joe hooker, they basically form relationship within the potomac that goes from professional to personal. they tend to like to socialize together and they connect with the corps commander and future chief of staff dan butterfield. so that's late 1862 into early 1863, i always tell people, go faster in that winter, 1863. go back to that winter, read as many of the memoirs as you can, of veterans of the army of potomac. but they often talk about winter quarters in that year's, that many often talk about where the party atmosphere was. in the potomac. and particularly with these three, hooker is eventually going to take command of the army at the potomac. every time hooker gets promoted, he engages a division. sickles gets promo

one of the things he could do is retire to fredericksburg and link up with the command, but he feels that if he does that, his army will be stripped from him and damage his reputation. he opts for option two. maybe i can go after these individual pieces of the con fed rat army as they are in transit on this campaign to defeat them and detail to secure my reputation, have my star to continue it rise. it leads us to the battle of second manassas. he will commit numerous blunders. his biographer will say at times that pope was erratic during the bat presidential pope continue in wishful thinking rather than clear reasoning. he continued to dictate the actions. pope was choosing to disregard both his senses and his better judgment. they are on the field with pope. general pope seemed wholly at a loss of what to do and what to think. he did not know where his own men were or where jackson was. we all know how the battle play ed out. pope would retreat back to washington, d.c. and he would be relieved of kmapd. we move to the end of this program this evening talking about that moment. wher

and delay confederate offense, last extremity to allow the army to make their way to alexandria and fredericksburg and link up with the army of virginia. number three, pope to attack critical rail line communications in charlottesville forced robert e lee to send enforcement away from the confederate capitol and mcclellan can hopefully turn the tide of campaign on the virginia peninsula. these challenges, all of these things pope is fighting against again to change him and they way on head. what a great reputation he has, we'll say this about popes challenges, how do they expect with an inferior force, with jackson? give me and my division with pope and popes army, i would breathe again. several days into the campaign, popes men are defeated at the magic and defended at cedar mountain and pulling back from that battlefield surrender the initiative to robert e lee. lee will see is that immediately and begin to capitalize on all that it will provide him. the second manassas campaign continues to unfold, row and the army of virginia plummets brother, many men feel they are needlessly sacrificed after

the only thing he can think of on the 26th is to retire towards fredericksburg but if he does, he believes he would be reduced in command. he would be demoted for these actions. the following morning on august 27th, pope comes up with two other ways to come out this predicament. and damage his reputation and individual pieces. in transit on this campaign. secure in my reputation. and continue to rise. leads us to the battle. pope's biographer, peter will say that pope was a raddic during the battle, that he continued in, quote, wishful thinking, rather than clear reasoning. he said pope was pushing offenses and his better judgment. in the field with pope, they would say general pope seemed wholely at a loss what to do and what to think. he said he did not know where his own men were or where jackson was. we all know how the battle of second menases played out. pope would retreat back to washington d.c. and eventually be relieved of command. we move to the end of the program this evening talking about this moment, where everyone in the history of 159 years, and most argue this defeated the

he's at fredericksburg but primarily more in a reserve position, that sort of thing. and his rise during that period seems to really be more dependent than anything on his relationship with hooker. what did i say on the previous slide? one of the things dan sickels needs is dependent relationships. they tend to like to socialize together. and they connect with fifth corps commander and future chief of staff dan butterfield so that from late 1862, into early 1863, i always tell people, that winter, late '62, early '63, go back to that winter, read as many of the memoirs as you can, many of them talk about what a party atmosphere it was in the army of the potomac. with these three, hooker will eventually take command of the army of the potomac. every time hooker gets promoted from brigade to division to corps, sickles gets promoted behind him. they add dan butterfield in this trio. the three of them basically set kind of a wild social scene in the army during late 1862 to early 1863. there's a famous yet from a new england officer who says to the effect that, during tha

where is lee going to be used in, leaves the area around fredericksburg. it is the blue ridge mountains. increasing reports on the part of hooker's buys and scouts but pleasanton needs to go out and get more information to hooker as to where lee is. the best way to do it is by going through these gaps. you see the gap at sticker's bill. i'm not doing that. that is on its own, the gap is right here. what is going to happen is for the next several days there will be constant combat has pleasanton is going to get to these gaps to see where is lee's army and stuart is trying to block them from getting past him so it is going to be a very interesting situation. you can see what ocher says, without knowledge of the rebel army, what we are going to see, you are not going to lose a lot of guys but it is intense. it is pretty gruesome in terms of splitting open heads but that is what is happening. to keep pleasanton to look into the shenandoah valley. the first -- has anyone ever been to these battlefields. they are well preserved. it is one brigade of rebels and o

and how would you do that well because this place come down from fredericksburg and joined them and he does it. but, johnson sees an opportunity here. member carranza becomes impassable will the union army had built a series of bridges, nothing right. but recently enough, they get washed out. and he said if i have it wash out, notice can you will see that. okay, the way the front called seven pines and one of his divisions is 1 mile further towards the city in a place called santon some fear for their from the public library and sent in, that is it. that entire battlefield family has lost and is a shame. but he can hit the keys, i can crush keys in the fourth or maybe a forced him to pull back is really good plans of what he will do and still have the street and right there, a mile long road see if i can advances. it's a 9-mile road and then get to the seven pines. then he'll good on the williamsburg road to seven pines benjamin is going to go down and come up and hit the seven pines from the south. that's a great plan really. any sensitive motion heavy rains hit on may 31 and he launc

where is lee going to be marching north around what route when he leaves the area of fredericksburg. he's going to be going through the blue ridge mountains, right, and there's increasing reports on the part of hooker's spies et cetera, and that's what's happening but pleasanton needs to go out and provide more information to hooker as to where lee is. and the best way to do it is by going through these gaps. you can see there's a gap at snickersville gap, which is right here. now, i'm not doing that. that's doing it on its own. i'm just trying to use this pointer. snickersville gap, which is right here, and ashby's gap right here, and what's going to happen is that for the next several days there's going to be constant combat as pleasanton is trying to get through to these gaps to see where is lee's army, and what is stewart doing? he's trying to block them from getting past him, so it's going to be a very interesting situation here. you can see what hooker says. it's better we lose men than with without knowledge of the rebel army. what we're going to see is a variety of fights, ve

fredericksburg and richmond national battlefield park and history inspired him to create - internship program which place more than 25 gettysburg college students and national park sites in each summer to learn to be public historians and he lives in gettysburg with his wife, twin daughters as well, dr. peter carmichael . [applause] >> thank you tim, although i have to say that i'm a little alarmed we only get two breaks today, my academic union does not allow for that i might at least three or four. [laughter] so it's always nice to be back here and is a special place here in pamplin historical park and i'll be self-indulgent here and take an opportunity to acknowledge some of people you know very well speaker today, will green as you know, first director of pamplin historical park, remember back in the day when he was the head of association for the preservation of civil war sites and another group here and they just finished the visitor center and shortly thereafter, stepped over and what he accomplished here is nothing short of remarkable and there is not a civil war related site

spotty showers from richmond up through fredericksburg getting wet weather but continue until the polls close. also looking at new jersey that has really been wet all day today. such a messy place when we get the rain going down through kate and may. newark. still seeing rain in trenton. little time there looking at future track taking it right until the polls close. some of that rain is going to wrap up for parts of trenton. bottom line here tonight that central plains front will move into central texas. houston stays dry tonight but about 15 million americans are under cold weather alerts tonight. so a big chill coming in for tomorrow. back to you. >> bret: thank you so much. president biden is on his way home from two major conferences in europe. is he homing there will be good news waiting for him about his massive tax and spend programs up on capitol hill which have been stalled by democratic infighting. white house correspondent jacqui heinrich is traveling with the president has the story tonight from glasgow, scotland. >> he will vote for this. >> president biden expressing fait

. >> sandra: martha, noting on the screen right now a polling place in fredericksburg, virginia. we've been showing virginia beach as well. we have hours to go, and to your point, martha, that's what youngkin told us this morning. what's been key as far as your messaging there in the state knowing the environment, political environment that we're in, the covid environment that is for the schools and parents. he said i've spoken my mind and listened to parents on the ground. believes that's why he's covered such substantial ground and has such momentum in this race in. an op ed on fox news this morning he said that empowering parents is paramount. it's been arguably just a simple message that he's gained so much more momentum in that state. >> i think parents over the course of covid have been through a lot, obviously, and one of the things that they have had the experience of is watching their kids have to study from home, how difficult and challenging that was, and while they were doing that, they were looking over their shoulder and they didn't always like what they saw in term

host: fredericksburg, virginia, tara is on the democrat line. caller: hi. i just wanted to say i was listening to heidi and she was so interesting to listen to and the other callers as well. i would like to say i was really relieved to see the democrats really working hard on an infrastructure bill. there is so many dissenting opinions on where to spend the money and how to do it. i just thought things were back to normal. we really need that. the other part of normal i would like to see is a republican party that existed many years ago where they would have been trying to work harder for bipartisan efforts. i am so scared of the current republican party. they are so extreme and there are not enough states people in congress. it is a very worrisome thing. and the third is i would really like to see more oversight of all these media companies on the right. i think so much disinformation is coming out of them that hurts us as a country. host: appreciate your call. on the infrastructure, the president heading to minnesota today. talking about the things in tha

lucas, fredericksburg, virginia, you are next. caller: good morning. happy thanksgiving. in general, i'm thankful for my friends and family, especially colleague of mine who's been a big help inside and outside of work, as well as my managers, all of my people, followers on social media, etc., stuff like that. host: what kind of work do you do? caller: i do retail on the marine corps base. it is like target for the marine corps and their families only. saturday's i am a party host at a family entertainment center. host: what has that latter job been like during a time of covid? caller: i'm sorry, what do you mean by latter job? host: the weekend job, is that something you are able to do during covid? caller: yes. march 2020, i got to work one day and then the state -- stay-at-home order came. we came back as -- and then we eventually returned to parties. host: hope you can party this thanksgiving. happy thanksgiving. jonathan, jersey city, you are next. caller: thankful for c-span, a wonderful service you provide in helping keep the democracy vibrant, very appreciative of

. >> item 1 is a resolution adding the commemorative statement polytechnic way to 700 block of fredericksburg in recognition of san francisco's public high school and it's contribution to the education of thousands of and franciscans from 1894 to 1972. members of the public who wish to provide public comments on item number one can call the number on the screen. that number is 1-415-655-0001. meeting id will be 2483 727 9121. after entering the meeting id press pound twice and if you have not done so already please press star agreed to line up to speak. the system will prompt you have raised your hand. >> ecumenical. thankyou supervisor for introducing this item. please make your remarks . >> thank you chair.i want to offer some context and history on the commemorative name designation of the700 block of street . to be named after polytechnic high school which as the clerk mentioned and introduced the item was the first public high school in san francisco. it was opened in 1884 and originally called for a commercial school in downtown san francisco. the school served thousands of san francisc

. >> item 1 is a resolution adding the commemorative statement polytechnic way to 700 block of fredericksburg in recognition of san francisco's public high school and it's contribution to the education of thousands of and franciscans from 1894 to 1972. members of the public who wish to provide public comments on item number one can call the number on the screen. that number is 1-415-655-0001. meeting id will be 2483 727 9121. after entering the meeting id press pound twice and if you have not done so already please press star agreed to line up to speak. the system will prompt you have raised your hand. >> ecumenical. thankyou supervisor for introducing this item. please make your remarks . >> thank you chair.i want to offer some context and history on the commemorative name designation of the700 block of street . to be named after polytechnic high school which as the clerk mentioned and introduced the item was the first public high school in san francisco. it was opened in 1884 and originally called for a commercial school in downtown san francisco. the school served thousands of san francisc