send lots of actions both north and south of the james river. one thing we have to understand is the petersburg campaign in fault directly all the actions that it heard in the county so these sort of mysterious battles the first deep autumn second a bottom williamsburg road all these things that only summers has ever understood what it's all part of the petersburg store and there is lots of action going on north of the james. you could certainly argue i think without much of a stretch that the 1854 shenandoah valley campaign was also part of the petersburg store. that is a direct relation with what's going on the petersburg. if i understand your question is a combination of world war i tactics and civil war tactics, to some degree but i think that's really a stretch and i don't believe that petersburg was a precursor to world war i tactics. but thanks for chiming in. it's always good to hear from you. [laughter] >> i will go a little easier on you. you mentioned in your talk about the enlistments expiring. you have a rough number of how many tro

grant began his movement to the james on june 12th. there were five army corps involved in this movement. the four in the army of the potomac and baldy smith's 18th corp which had joined meade's army prior to cold harbor. each disengaged from north to south following carefully selected routes in order to expedite the movement to the james river while the 18th corp would march to white house landing on the potomac river and take water transportation to get back to the area north of the apomatics river. the other river would pose the first obstacle to this movement described by one union officer as a wide ditch partly choked with rotten logs and full of brown, tep ed, sickly looking water whose slow current would scarcely carry a straw along. now, the plan called for the army to move across the river at three different places by building pontoon bridges there. the union cavalry arrive on the morning of the 13th, scattered the thin, confederate resistance at crossing points. and by the dawn of the 13th meade's army was either south or poi

burnside assigned his chief engineer james st. claire morton to identify the most likely ground for an attack. morton selected the terrain north of the hand house ridge, where the confederates who had been defeated that morning were desperately preparing new works a very limited utility. wilcox's men bolted out of their ravine at about 2:00, hampered by a faulty technical alignment. nevertheless, the federals punched this makeshift line and almost we're in a position to capture the works when major morton directed the men to execute a half wheel to the right. you see this represented on the map. morton paid for this ill-conceived tactic with his life, as all that confederate fire hit their left flank and wilcox's men fled for safety. it seems that the blue coats were thick as grain and a harvest field, wrote a wisconsin soldier. the final attack of the day came from the division commanded by james led lee. and he would become infamous about six weeks later in the role of the battle of crater. his previous experience at the north h

this was between 1893, when james greenleaf started, into 1915. miller did some plans, and then they split up. this was lewis mueller's plan. what you see is very much a picturesque landscape. this is what james duke wanted. this is how he wanted to spend his money on his 2700 acres. he wanted to make a public park. going back to the other discussion today about campus parks, and the states, they are not separate landscapes. they are all kind of versions of the same thing. this is the esthetic that he liked, and the experience that he liked. i saw one quote, where he said he planted 2 million trees on his property. i find that a little exaggerated. but you get the sense, when you look closer up, and you see the lakes. this idea of water, this idea of trees, the interplay, and the topography, was very much part of james duke before duke university came along. so, if you look at this, and you can see through the glare, and see the lakes, and see how the roads come around, you can switch to an early master plan, from 1925. you can see more detail. do

ferrying thousands of troops up the james river? i do not have an answer for that. but they didn't. so lee contended himself with shifting the last of the first corps divisions, joseph kershaw's, closer to the pontoon bridge but keeping a.p. hill's corps north of the james in position to defend richmond against what was now a phantom force. now, after the fighting had died out on june 16 grant, however, admitted that, quote, not knowing appearances in front of you, i can't give positive direction how hard you should push in the morning. i will leave this to your judgment, knowing you will push any advantage that may be gained. this, they continued to deligate operational decisions to mead. the first petersburg offensive was george means's game. and he passed the information on to hancock, encouraging those officers to make an attack, to exploit the huge, if possible pleating advantage. now, hancock's core had been somewhat bloodied on the 16th. so, the primary offensive responsibility would belong to burnside. burnside's black divis

this is what james duke wanted. this is how he wanted to spend his money on his 2,700 acres, and he wanted to make a public park. so going back to the other discussion today about campus park, they're not separate landscapes, but versions of the same thing. this is the aesthetic and the experience that he liked. i saw one quote he said where he had planted 2 million trees on his property, which i find a little exaggerated. but you get the sense when you look -- you know, look closer up and you see the lakes, you know, this idea of water. the idea of trees. the interplay of trees and water and topography was very much part of james duke before duke university came along. so if you look at this and if you can see through the glare, and see the lakes and see how the circuitous roads come around and then you switch to -- this is an early master plan, 1925, and you'll see more detail. don't worry too much about it here. but you can see the campus being laid out. and so the idea for -- from the beginning was this campus w

in 1925 james dies. the man with the money is no longer there he is given the money there is a $6 million endowment in the trust he dirty given to million dollars in his will that's not going to build 20 million cubic feet of building. administrators sent back to the design team 20 million cubic feet of building to 12 million cubic feet, 42% of your profit, the consultants in this room i remember that project, things change, we can't build this and this wonderful homestead landscape anything in piedmont we came back with this plan i'm pretty sure this is exclusively and whether some people think that they studied their and we haven't heard if that's been confirmed by you get a different sent this is about architecture and architecture form on the landscape uc it doesn't address the landscape here is the rendered version of that. you still get some elements of the picture and the sweeping drive, there was a lake left at that point. there is still a geyser fountain. but all of that gets. this is to jump ar

the inscription is addressed to james h. blake jr. and may have been lieutenant james blake jr. the 44th massachusetts company who is from boston. he and blake had served together. the book begins with a short iger fee about the general. thomas grey stevenson was born in boston on third day of february ad, 1836. he was the middle of three children. he had an older sister and a younger brother and was a cheerful disposition growing up. the schools of his native city the book says at an early age had decided preference for the pursuit of commercial life and entered one of the most cities most active merchants. following the confederate firing of fort sumter stephenson and his brother volunteered for boston company the fourth massachusetts infantry known as the cleveland guard were stevenson was elected captain. stephenson and james blake to whom i copied the memorial book surf together. the guards task was to guard independent in boston harbor a hot bed for confederate -- [laughter] it was as you can imagine a sure bidding lasting only to the end of may of 1861 ojomo that exciteme

i will just say that my book which is james baldwin's, another country bookmark as part of the series by my publisher and is a bookmark series. and i think that is one, the baldwin book. it is part of the series by my publisher in which writers write about the book, book mark and so it is kind of genre, actually called to be open memoir which is an interesting phase in her face than ever had heard of reduced part critical analysis of the text and also are reflective appreciation of it so is a part memoir and james baldwin is my hero in my spirit guide in my and i once wrote an essay called on james baldwin save my life and, i mean, that pretty he didn't physically see my life but he saved my life literally with his words and through his work so is always been my mentor and my hope is a writer and an artist. so when my publisher asked me to write this, it was an interesting thing because i read in the country when is he a person and a different person so to go back and read it now, it was really interesting experience of the memoir is really about brother did the first time in a first

the person to whom the instrings is addressed james h. blake jr. may have been lieutenant james h. blake jr. of the 44th massachusetts, company i, who was from boston. stevenson and blake had served together. the book begins with a short biography about the general. the second child and elder son of jachlt thomas and hannah hopper stevenson was born at boston on the 3rd day of february a.d., 1836. he was the middle of three children. he had an older sister and a younger brother and was of cheerful disposition growing up. educated in the schools of his native city, the book says. at an early age evinced a commercial life and at 16 entered the counting house. the firing on sumpter, stevenson and brother robert, volunteered for a boston militia company, the fourth massachusetts infantry known as the new england guard. and stevenson was elected captain. this is the unit where stevenson and james blake, to whom our copy of the memorial book, were first serving together. the guard's task was to guard fort independence in boston harbor, a hotbed for confederate firing. it was, as you can

i will just say that my book which is james baldwin's, another country bookmark as part of the series by my publisher and is a bookmark series. and i think that is one, the baldwin book. it is part of the series by my publisher in which writers write about the book, book mark and so it is kind of genre, actually called to be open memoir which is an interesting phase in her face than ever had heard of reduced part critical analysis of the text and also are reflective appreciation of it so is a part memoir and james baldwin is my hero in my spirit guide in my and i once wrote an essay called on james baldwin save my life and, i mean, that pretty he didn't physically see my life but he saved my life literally with his words and through his work so is always been my mentor and my hope is a writer and an artist. so when my publisher asked me to write this, it was an interesting thing because i read in the country when is he a person and a different person so to go back and read it now, it was really interesting experience of the memoir is really about brother did the first time in a first

james, the great historian, james mcpherson, has written about how the survivors of the confederacy understood how important the education system was. they always made sure children were present at these monuments unveilings. they did that so the rising generation, with no personal memories of the war, would understand the heroism of their fathers. the united daughters of the confederacy had children auxiliaries. the daughters and other confederate groups had historical committees in the 1890s and they published textbooks that were basically the textbooks used in schools in the south and elsewhere for, as we said, about a century until the 1950s, 1960s. >> a lot earlier than that. it's in the '50s and '60s that professional historians start to say, this stuff isn't true. >> that's when the scholaring begins. >> and the textbooks take a bit of time. >> my next subject, the cause of this is, or the result of this is -- here's a "washington post" poll, 2019. 52% of americans know slavery was the main cause of the civil war, but 41% blame another reason to our earlier point about what our kids are

commander of the black company, the yankee black company, a colonel james beecher, came from a family of anti-slavery activists in the north. his half brother, the reverend henry ward beech, was an abolitionist and and pastor at plymouth congregational church in brooklyn. his half sister was harriet beecher stowe, author of "uncle tom's cabin." let's see. a similar scene was repeated on all the ball places as each was raid by yankee troops. the balls feared the worst, but in the end the soldiers just snatched a few hams. the single exception came at bucks hall plantation, formerly home to william ball's cousin. the bucks hall a mansion, work buildings and crop were burned to the ground by federal soldiers and freed ball slaves. despite the slaughter of the war, no one -- not even on buck hall -- was hurt. and so it was. it's possible to look into the telescope into the past and see how slavery came to an end on specific places and at specific times, and it's a fascinating story. and i told you stories just now from a diary kept by a woman who lived on this plantation. but elsewhere i

james ball, the unmarried james ball sells quinby plantation, buys another place and moves to it and the only person, according to the paper record that goes with him is harriet and her son. they resettle there. james ball dies and the record shows that he leaves $500 to harriet and to no other african-american. things like that. i would find photograph of james ball and a family in berkeley county had a photograph of their great grandfather who was purported to be the family of james ball. there was strong family resemblance. that's a long answer to your question. it's very difficult to excavate the details of this very painful history but i think it, in the end i think it does ep both black folks and white folks to come to terms with the the real deal and the real story of our history by talking about these stories, honestly. >> thank you, sir. >> sure, sure. >> what was it like, i believe her name was kate. what was it like finding about her connections to her family? >> it was deep. yeah. you remember kate wilson. she was the matriarch of the halston family. she was a case of, li

james clyburn 's class. >> they were raised by the grandparents he was in my classroom. in the ambassador. he said i need you to be there and i was the assistant at the time and when i came back to washington through - i will never forget that we need you to step to the podium after being sworn in and he pointed over to me and i noticed when i got there, there was a little mark on the floor and it intent they took me to their that's where i stood and he pointed to me and he said no crowd, that i wish you could be in one of his classes because he opened up the world to me, and america and that did everything for me. and i was walking down from the church in his ongoing service, looked over to my right and standing there was james and i knew that he was there during the service. he told me later that he would have never missed that because he was in a little group. he lived in apartment there just a few blocks away and he and dawson, they would all come to our house and we would do the sessions and i would just talk to them about the world at large so they would know. ther

they had tried to escape england and james i once before but were captured and brought before the king and were chastised within the managed to get away a few years after that people like william brewster and william bradford and a lot of other guys who were very, very passionate, very staunch practices, or practitioners i should say of the puritan faith. they were led back into england by james the first who then gave them his blessing to get them out of the country. he said they could go to the new world, they could go to the americas, fighting i think he said providing they treat themselves respectively. they were in and out of england and then down to the ships. fortunately, not being chased or executed by the king but gently encouraged to go somewhere else. >> professor robert stone, thank you very much. >> great. thank you. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> in plymouth harbor, england, than mayflower ii lies in a coup, i think the ship comes to life again after three centuries in the pages of history. she is as accurate a replicate of the original as scholars and shipwrights could make her, a gift

he wasn't a good guy sent out to james stanford way. that was converted to get all the parking off of it, get the cars out of it. this is one of the roads along the main quad, the automobiles were everywhere on the campus. now that has changed to be bike mall with hundreds of bike spaces integrated into the hedges for the main quad. ironically enough, when you look back at some of the old drawings you see that the imagined end of the university there were these ÃÃand our version of that we started we also started looking at it in more diagrammatically about how do we transition from the public to the loop to road and then get rid of the cards in the middle.that's been our goal and in setting the traffic this is what it looks like in real life when you get out of the pure circle. we started looking at our intersections both for safety and traffic movement we ultimately learned and found out and discovered the roundabout works really well, we wanted them not to be fancy but defined more like parkways. after doing one as an experiment we

the person to do the inscription's address, james h. blake junior, may have been a lieutenant -- of the 44th massachusetts company. who was from boston. stevenson and blake had served together. the book begins with a short biography about the general. thomas greely stevenson, the second child and elder son of jay thomas and hamill -- was born at boston on the third day of february -- 1836. he was the middle of three children. he had an older sister and an older brother. and was of cheerful disposition, growing up. educated in the schools of his native city, the book says, at an early rage -- i decided preference for the active pursuit of a commercial life. and at 16, entered -- in 1861, following the confederate file -- stevenson and his brother robert volunteered for a boston militia company, the fourth massachusetts infantry, known as the new england guard. stevenson was elected captain. this is the unit where needs -- to whom are copy of the memorial book -- were first serving together. the guards task was to guard fort independence

they were led back into england by james the first who then gave them his blessing to get them out of the country. he said they could go to the new world, they could go to the americas, fighting i think he said providing they treat themselves respectively. they were in and out of england and

we are joined by james grossman of the american historical association. >> good afternoon. thank you for inviting me. >> excited to have you here for an important discussion about divisive concepts. the past, how it is studied, whose version of events gains ascendancy has been a battlefield because origin stories matter as much as ever before in america. james, the aha is trying to influence this debate, now roiling the nation over what should be taught in history and social studies classes. first, what are divisive concepts and where did this controversy come from? >> well, divisive concepts seem to be things that some people are objecting to that teachers are teaching in their classrooms as part of american history. it seems to be that teaching the history of division is problematic for some people, and that's where this term divisive concepts are, that if you teach students that america was deeply divided over slavery, over jim crow, over various things, over the course of our history, then what some people are arguing is these are divisive concepts. that divide our conc

our next speaker today is james hessler, many of you are familiar with him. he is a licensed battlefield guide here. and he has been so since 2003. his previously published books, "gettysburg peach orchard", coauthored with brett eisenberg. and also, sickles at gettysburg, have been awarded the prestigious coddington award, for the most outstanding book on the gettysburg campaign. he's also co-author with wayne motts, the book picketts charge at gettysburg. and it was the first guide to the legendary attacks here at gettysburg. he is also cohost the popular battle of gettysburg podcast, free on all platforms. he has written articles for publications, one of the primary content designers in the american battlefields trust app, here at gettysburg. he is a speaker for civil war round tables and has appeared on npr and other outlets. he was featured in the july 2013 issue a civil war monitor. i'd now like to present to you, james hessler, who will be presenting his program, neutral ground, sickles, meade, and the gettysburg peach orchard. thank you. [applause] >>

james, who grew up there, raised by his grandparents, was in my class. when james was named ambassador, he said, i need you to be at my swearing-in. we were out of session at the time but i came back up here to washington no go to his swearing-in. i never shall forget, when he stepped to the podium after being sworn in, he pointed over to me. i noticed when i got there, there was a little mark on the floor that they took me to, and that's where i stood. he pointed to me and said to the whole crowd that i wish you all could be in one of his classes, because he opened up the world to me. and that did everything for me. and as i was walking down to the ame church, i looked over to my right, and standing there was james gadson. i didn't know he was there during the service, but he told me later he would never have missed that, because he was in the whole group. he lived in an apartment on cummings street just a few blocks from here. they would all come to our house and we would have these sessions. and i would just talk to them about the world at large. so t

the invitation was extended it frank james, a member of the tribe who at the age of 14 had taken the native name wamsu tfrment-- he was a musician, he served in world war ii, he was the first graduate of new england conservatory of music and a music teacher on cape cod. he was considered, presumably a safe choice to speak at the committee. and when the committee looked at his remarks, they wanted changes he refused to make. james addressed a separate gathering of fellow natives and others on poles hill overlooking plymouth proper and replica of the mayflower. in the text he had prepared for a very different audience james admitted it as he put it it is with mixed emotions that i stand here to share my thoughts. this is a time of celebration for you, celebrating an anniversary of a beginning for the white man in america. a time of looking back for reflection. it is with a heavy heart that i look back at what happened to my people, even before the pilgrims landed, he continued, it was common practice for explorers to capture indians, take them to europe and sell them as slaves for 220

i got a call from james a. baker iii, and he was part of the campaign, and he said ambassador bush is going to be speaking at an event in hartford, connecticut, only about 45 minutes away from springfield, massachusetts. could you put together a tea or something for ambassador bush to get to meet some people? i didn't know a lot of people in springfield, massachusetts, but i called a friend who did know people there. and they gave me someone as a potential host for a tea. like 2:00 in the afternoon. and i drove out to see where this house was and meet the people, and all that kind of stuff, and the next day was the day of the event. i drove down to hartford, picked up ambassador bush, drove up to springfield. we arrived at this home in springfield, and walked in. and there were about 25 people ready to have tea with candidate ambassador george bush. there's a sign on the mantel over the fireplace that said, welcome, george bush. and it was spelled b-us-c-h, so he's come a long way. he was an asterisk in the pol

and there is a woman named harriott who has a son and james ball, the unmarried james ball sails the plantation and moves to it. and the only person that goes with him is harriet and her son. and they resettle there. and for the mall, -- dies and the records show that he leads 500 dollars to harriet and to no other african american. and it's things like that which are circumstantial evidence but persuasive. and the case of a couple of families, i would find photographs of james bond and the family in berkeley county. and a photograph of their great grandfather, purported to be the son of james ball. and compare these two photographs and there was strong family resemblance. so, that is a long answer to your question. but it is very difficult to excavate the details of this very painful history. but i think that it, in the end, it does help both black folks and white folks to come to terms with the real deal and the real story of our history by talking about these stories, honestly. >> thank you, sir. >> sure, sure. >> what was it like -- i believe it was, her name, kate wilson. what w

i am martin martin di caro, and james r. grossman, of the american historical association. >> good afternoon, thank you for inviting me. >> thank you for coming here for an important discussion about the visit concepts. passed, how it is studied, whose version of events gains ascendancy. it has always been a battlefield in our country. that is because origin stories matter. as much,, now as ever before in america. james, the h a, trying to influence this debate, now embroiling the nation, over what should be taught in history, and social studies classes. first, what are activists of concepts, and where did this controversy come from? >> and evasive concepts seem to be things that, some people, are objecting to that teaches, and that teachers are teaching, in the classrooms, as part of american history. it seems to be, that teaching the history of division, is, problematic, for some people. that is where this term, division concepts, are. if you teach students that america, was deeply, divided over slavery, over jim crow, ove

united states of america and now calling james, one of our country's foremost novelists. and many others, some in the media today as part of our celebration. i want to emphasize that this inclusion and diversity and equity and more recently become transformed into terms of expediency politically and evocative culture and in fact before this foundation that was led new ground in decades ago pretty far before these became court hundred corporate buzzwords. it is in fact before elements foundation which was selling this ground. and if not for the american book awards, do not believe that the current trend towards would've ever accord. many scholars and historians and literatures would've agreed with and i think that today, the collection of american book awards serve to emphasize the fact so in considering this vision of of the literature, i want to return to our president on a foundation it. and he will share his thoughts as we formally begin for the 42nd book award. >> thank you for joining us on a sunday afternoon when you can be watching it and avail football games which

they were led back into england by james the first who then gave them his blessing to get them out of the country. he said they could go to the new world, they could go to the americas, fighting i think he said providing they treat themselves respectively. they were in and out of england and then down to the ships. fortunately, not being chased or executed by the king but gently encouraged to go somewhere else. >> professor robert stone, thank you very much. >> great. thank you. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> in plymouth harbor, england, than mayflower ii lies in a coup, i think the ship comes to life again after three centuries in the pages of history. she is as accurate a replicate of the original as scholars and shipwrights could make her, a gift of englishmen to

. >>> our next speaker is james he is ler. he's a licensed back field tab battlefield nextttlefield tab battlefield next battle of gettysburg. and he was featured in july 2013 issue of civil war monitor magazine. i would now like to present to you james hessler, who is going to be presenting his program "neutral ground, sickles, immediate and the gettysburg peach orchard." . >> thank you tammie for the introduction. goings to tell you to not go too far because i did not have the remote clicker but i think i do now. so we're in good shape. wow. what a crowd. this is really humbling to see people literally standing in back. i've got kind of these bright studio lights in my face but i still recognize lot of familiar faces and boy, i hope this is good. otherwise i'm in a little bit of troubling. so as tammy said. i'm going to do neutral ground. that is the theme here tonight. both a military assess of the mead's sickles controversy. and make sugar that when we're evaluating this so called controversy associated with this that we t

here is a parole pass that captain james garnett of the ordinance officer gets. this is a pass. what does this do for him sf if you read it carefully, what with his servant. >> right. this is when you shared this with me just a little bit ago. i have never seen that added line. i just absolutely think this is fascinating. and now i have something else to investigate. so there is so much going on here we could talk about. i'll take up that bit of it. and the notion with -- does it w say "with horse and servant" i believe it says. >> yes. with horse, and with the x, for and servant. >> lee also asked grant if all the men could take home their own horses. so grant agrees to that. but the more interesting part is servant here which income means slave, enslaved person. and this is another part of the story that i think we knew a little about but i tried to fresh out as muchs possible. and that is, there were hundreds of black men that were still with the army of northern virginia at appomattox. most of them had been enslaved. and either were serving as body servants, which is probabl

. >> here is a parole pass that captain james garnett of the ordnance officer of grimes division gets. so this is a parole. this is a pass. what does this do for him? if you read it carefully what does it do for him when he goes home with his servant? thfrjts is one you shared with me a little bit ago. i have never seen that added line. i just absolutely think this is fascinating. now i have something else to investigate. so there is so much going on here we could talk about. i'll take up that bit of it. the notion, does it say with horse and servant i believe it says? >> it says with horse and servant. i misspoke. it says with horse and with the servant. >> lee had also asked grant if all the men who take home their horses. the confederate cavalry men and officers supplied their own horses. grant agrees to that. the more interesting part is servant here which of course means slave, enslaved person. this is another part of the story that i think we knew a little bit about but i really tried to flesh out as much as possible. and that is there were hundreds of black men that were still

our next speaker today is james hesler. many of you are very familiar with him. he's a licensed battlefield guide here at the gettysburg national military park and has done so since 2003. two of his previously published books "gettysburg peach orchard" coauthored with eisenberg have have been awarded as the most outstanding work on the gettysburg battle campaign. his or her also coauthored with gettysburg foundation president and ceo wayne mots to the legendary attack here at gettysburg and also currently a co-host of the popular the battle of gettysburg podcast which is free on all platforms. he's written numerous articles for publications. he's appeared on npr, travel channel, pcn tv, breitbart, and talk travel radio. i would now like to present to you james hesler who's going to be presenting his program, neutral ground. >> thank you, tammy, for the introduction. i was going to tell you do not go too far because i do not have the remote clicker, but i think i do now so we're in great shape. what a ground. this is humbling to see people literally standing in ba

had a banquet given by general james longstreet. an argument ensued on the subject of what song should be the new southern national anthem. some suggested maryland my maryland while others dixie. not van dorn. he argued for the liberty duet from eye puritana. he began to sing the stanzas at the table. van dorn could not be herd and long street resorted bonn the table and show yourself. we can't see you. up on the table he went. up on the table that he went. joining them was none other than gustavis smith. that must have been a heck of a birth. gustavis. they bellowed the verses. let the words country, victory and honor awaken terror in enemy. let the trumpets sound. it's a fine thing to face death crying freedom. that's the best i can do for you. a lady designed a new battle flag for the armies and being the senior major general in the confederate service and her family being from mississippi, she sent one of the originals to earl van dorn with the request he liberate her hometown of alexandria virginia. here is a note for you. thes

that he sends me christmas cards i'm sure he would appreciate the statement earl van dorn beat out james for 55th in his class, that is for you wherever you are, foreshadowing the coming years of rebellious life he accumulated 183 merits in his tenure and ranked 210 out of 217 i bet i could rank lower than that. such offenses of van dorn came across including a failure to salute and passing, failure to attend church as well as not suppressing the profanity of friends, i did not know you had to do that at west point. the first assignment for the graduate, of course they sent him to the middle of nowhere and as the newly man in second lieutenant he had a short assignment then fort morgan in mobile alabama his collateral duty sent him to mount vernon alabama and while there he met another then 16-year-old martha caroline from a personal standpoint i historian stamp and very curious i would like to know more than i wish i had more to tell you when i tell you the stories about earl, i will not mention your much anymore but she's always in the shadow to me lingering i boston wondered what she

could you piece together a coalition like that of again you made a reference before to james a baker. done today? and he let me start with you. >> i think it can be done but it takes a lot of work. george h.w. bush was the definition of personal relationships with people that would help to invite solutions to become a reality. he would call world leaders even when he did not have too. he would call them and help facilitate their needs was facilitate calling on them when we had needs for our country but he built a remarkable coalition jim baker, that team did a good job started with a personal relationship he had with so many world leaders. even ones that did not want to be part of the solution felt they owed it to him he was so polite and nice to them and caring. i think that is what made the difference. could happen again? yes it could but it takes a lot of work. my fear is that generally, politics today in international diplomacy today is becoming more hyperbolic, not reason as a result we try to be more tribal and what we think. one discipline president bush that he would deal with

james is a graduate of yale university and duke university school of law. hayes practiced in washington d.c. for the last two decades the author of two previous books, charles hamilton houston and the struggle to end segregation. and how war, purchase and harry truman desegregated america's military. before we get started want to mention two things. if at any point you have questions you can drop those in the chat and we'll get to as many of those as we can. if you are interested in purchasing the book, and i hope you will be, you could do so what you press.missouri.edu, that is you press.missouri.edu. if you use the code truman and 21 tonight you will receive 40% off the list price. so check it out. all right, let's get started. ron, thanks much for joining us today. quick thanks much for having me. i want to start by asking you, when the publisher reach out to me about this book the truman court i was at a loss to name anyone truman appointed. so reading the book i quickly change my tune and wondered why no one has told the story before. maybe more to the