it's caroled to over into the new world and carried over violently where in new york city new york city, orangemen would march through irish catholic sections of the city kind of rubbing their face in it, and riots ensued. that's an example of how old world resentments carried over, but tweed is representative of the possibilities of american life. most of his followers in politics were, in fact, eye -- irish catholics. tweed realized that he was in this cosmopolitan city, many different ethnic groups. ethnic groups also could vote, and you don't get votes by alienating people or dragging up old battles. so he was, tweed -- though by native anglo perspective was a little more american by virtue of being presbyterian -- nonetheless, kind of opened up to the catholic community, especially the irish catholic community. and we see this in his inner circle, the so-called tweed ring that is associated, again, with this, with this corruption. the next image i have sent out to you is of that of the tweed ring. you see a ring of people all accusing the other person of corruption. but there are f

nineteenth century new york city politics. then offer matthew rosa recounts world war ii by the 37th battalion caring for 25 people to a concentration camp. u.s. troops and survivors, 60 years after the war. later, veterans from world war ii through the iraq war and share their expenses. find more schedule information@c-span.org/history will consult your program guide. here's lectures in history. >> good morning, everyone. today's lecture, called to many catholic. we'll be looking at catholics and american policy, especially american urban politics in the late 19th century. to put this in context of what we've been looking at the past couple of weeks and what we've been looking at this struggle for american catholics to find their place in american culture. despite persistent of loyalty and patriotism and despite the real human sacrifice of life in the civil war, after the civil war up next remained viewed by most americans with suspicion and fear. a variety of reasons for this. the members of what was perceived as a foreign c

my plan a was i become the mayor of new york city and that i lost the forward party as mayor of new york city and say check itout, a new way forward . and we're going to make things happen like an illustration here in new york city. but that wasplan a and then i did not win . and the other plan, plan to a where i'm building the forward party as an independent . >> i asked yesterday on my twitter account if my readers are more followers have questions for you and there were a lot of feedback and a lot of questions but i say the right choice vote, the number one question was just concerned that a criticism that you had run as a democrat and had planned to leave the party but didn't tell anyone so what would you say to that criticism and do you understand why some of the people that supported you would have been concerned that you are representing that you're a democrat while you knew that you would possibly be leaving the party . >> i was straightforward about my policies. i think there's views of policy proposals so to me that should be why you vote for someone and why you're excited abou

it applies in new york city and the most rural location in upstate new york? >> well, the law has been interpreted to mean that, although the experience of granting licenses, and experience with license applications is that it's apparently more readily satisfied upstate. >> so, that the individual officers have a degree of discretion? >> well, yes, they're asked, like judges on many issues, they're asked to take into account certain factors, they will be reversed if they took the wrong factors into account or if they failed to take the specified factors into account. it's not unguided discretion, but it's discretion in the sense that-- >> what guarantees are there in your regime that a licensing officer is not taking into account improper factors? >> i mean, this is a question about the judicial system generally. if he correctly records the factors that he took into account, they write letters or opinions, which may or may not fully disclose, one assumes will disclose what they thought was important when there's a-- there's a, often a-- they're not just the pa

york city. so why do you think it's important to keep writing and talking about front-line communities and what we saw here in new york last year? and with those primaries coming up and then to have done so much with the pandemic and that's a really great question and an interesting place to start because i have heard from some people how it's a little too soon to this talk about the stories that have come out over the last year. first of all i'm hoping it's just a snapshot but it's ongoing around the world and here in the us and communities and this is a crisis that is ongoing and so to me it was a powerful story to tell and then to zoom in on that particular point in time because it was a frightening time for a lot of different reasons first of all my house were packed and then you could hear the sound of sirens so it was an eerie time because there was a certain kind of paralysis the ways we are used to interacting with the city we cannot see out there reporting. so for me to connect with a g

quick starting now on book tv is coverage of the recent brooklyn book festival in new york city. over the next several hours as the author discussions on individual rights of the contemporary american essay, the impact of the late author and book publisher and much more. but first a conversation between the length stories from the underground edited by uli beutter cohen. uli beutter cohen is a new york-based documentarian ours have a book review. she is belonging to time and place the writing and photography. she is a sought after speaker and panelist, her work is been featured in print, onto the online bike new york magazine, esquire, beau, literally every publication you ever heard of. uli beutter cohen was in brooklyn you can find her at the ubc at subway book review. and, if you do not follow her already, what is wrong with you? so is the author of pachinko which is a book you've already loved and read and so has everyone else in your family. >> thank you. >> you are welcome. as well as a nationally best-selling novel writer and resident at amherst college recipient a fellows

york city and the most rural location in upstate new york? >> it has been, the law has been interpreted to mean that although the experience of granting licenses with experienced license applications is that it is apparently more readily satisfied. >> abstained. so the individual officers have a degree of discretion. >> well, yes. like judges on many issues, they are asked to take into account certain factors that can be reversed if they took the wrong factors into account or if they failed to take the specified factors into account. is it isn't unguided discretion. >> what guarantees if any that a licensing officer is not taking into account in proper factors? >> this is a question about the judicial system. if he records the factors he took into account, they write letters or opinions which may or may not fully disclose what they thought was important. he has to say why. >> we've been presented on the briefs in this case with an enormous amount of history citation and statutes and other sources. would you be willing to concede may be you go

and so when i look back and olivia city like new york city andd today so i do what i want,i am free. but when i go back, i see everybody a refugee camp. and to me is well but i go back, people my fellow refugees run to me, they say can you please tell us about new york city and the safety net and so i tell them that is hard to see. we have thousands of refugees. and i am the only one who attended to america is national student so i feel for them and i went back and also did a lot of things it was amazing to be back home. >> in his view been able to bring attention to the issue of those t will have you ever been able to get any traction around, i don't know what that solution to keep it safe for them to return to congo or no. pretty. >> no it is not safe and is very sad. and we had the refugee camp for 25 years and because of. [inaudible]. , we cannot find out everything that they decided to give the money for everybody so now the refugee camp, is putting my sister and so they go there but i try to work in the recent the basic them so try. [inaudible]. and also an initiative which is

and as someone who comes from new york city and spent some time in the early 2000's trying to make new york city better from what it had become in the seventies and eighties this has a particular now and it's a great book we had a lovely conversation you will hear aok great conversation today with sally representing aei and her work and also director of administrative policy studies program also is a great scholar of cities and urban politics and ways in which things that have gone wrong but how they can get better and how things can be improved to make ourte communities more conducive. that is what i wanted to say to introduce this great panel discussion i went to welcome michael to the stage. it?hat is it feels like euro apocalypse one —- apocalypse never which is also a challenge of progressive orthodoxy on another issue. it's remarkable you can cover both so well. with that i will turn it over and welcome you to aei. thank you for being here. [applause] >> and to say a paragraph or two about the book and then we have one hour so we will try to and and then take questions from eve

louis, in baltimore, and new york city. as an engineer, his father white horse harry had been politically a federalist, and suffered politically, and, f though, lee married into one of the foremost families of virginia, the arlington, arlington overlooked the potomac fashion fashion national capitol, not virginia and in-laws were valorized nation first and state loyalties afterwards. but lee could not ignore, however, in 1861 for two factors. first, white horse harry lee for all of his revolutionary fame had been a hard luck husband and father. andd left his family for the wet indies when robert was only six years old. the shadow that light horse harry cast over the lee name was one that robert struggled to redeem hence that broad streak of perfectionism and his behavior but also yearned to be free of his father's rep taking in other ways he wanted independence he wanted to be his own man and once sense his marriage to mary was an attempt to stake out a realm for himself. but he also yearned for security. the security his f

covering the new york city primaries coming up. i'm grateful that we get to steal her away for a night and so much essential coverage of the pandemic. another really great question and a place to start. i definitely have heard from some people that the book is come out, isn't it a little too soon to process or read or s tak about the stories that it come out? over the last year? and first of all i am hoping the book is just a snapshot of one momentop in time, awards, crisi, that is very much ongoing. around the world and also in the u.s. particularly in communities where you have been able to access or having gotten a vaccine. this is a crisis ongoing in the book is just a time capsule of some of the early weeks here in new york city. to me it was a really powerful story to tell in a powerful way to zoom in on that particular moment in time. the early weeks of the pandemic in newark were eerily a frightening time for a lot of different reasons. first of all the streets were very much empty and the hospitals were packed. then all yo

york city. every step i talked was caution, number one fear, number 2, all of my hunger and i don't know, i don't know if my father had cautioned us differently if things would have been better or just, you know, telling. i mean, for him to have done that, he would have had to be a different perp which means all have unfolded differently. i would be a different person, yeah, i mean, he did as i say the best he could. i probably would have handled it a little bit differently, but it got us out at the end. >> do i want to talk about hunger and the sweat shop. let's start with hunger. it was the way that you put the imagery through the book. when you were in those situations and hunger was the predominant thing that you were dealing with personally, you would look at people and your first impressions would be, oh, they look like a dumpling, this room smells like fried whatever, it just s -- i wonder as a child how that hovering over you every day, how did you manage to do anything else, how did you

finally he was recaptured but then he got away again and he finally wound up in new york state. this is an important point and maybe a reminder even during the best times of the patriot cause there was a stronghold of loyalist him because people who lived in new york city had close commercial ties with england and they didn't want to break those and also because it was relatively easy for the british navy and british ships to occupy your city which was the strategic spot. they had heard through the grape vine that the british army more precisely british negotiators in paris negotiating the treaty they were going to abandon the farms and make the slaves independent. in fact some of the slaves took up the british offer and boston was evacuated where tens of thousands so boston was a loyalist. many fled the united states at the end of the war and this is an interesting chapter. it's kind of like you guys when at the end of the war and all is well. but no one in fact i was thinking about this when we watched the end of the war in afghanistan and as american forces were leaving peopl

thomas jefferson at statue was taken down in new york city. >> you had said has been unbroken. i think it would be hard to argue that it included an unbroken line, two different things. >> there's more to our history the race. >> there's more to our history than race but you cannot understand our history without understanding that unbroken line. one of the major critics of the 1619 project going back to not just sean is james oates. >> a great historian. >> the title of his first book is called the ruling race so it is not as if he doesn't think this has not been some kind of continuous thread in american history and the difference between saying white supremacy has been the essence of american history as opposed to white supremacy, and these are the two different kinds of things. that lincoln was a racist, this goes back to what historians do. >> in a civil manner. >> the most important book, in some ways, those highly visible book that i use lincoln was a racist was a biography of lincoln called abraham lincoln:racist. i don't agree with it. the author was my friend, we were

york city in court justice this article came out in the new york times, the holocaust just got more shocking. 42,500. did you know that number? this is from an article that is 8.5 years old, the scholarship began right around the time i interviewed judge walsh and it is continuing to this day, the research catalogs 42,500 nazi ghettos and camps throughout europe, the figure is so staggering that even tell holocaust survivors had to make sure they had heard correctly. the new numbers are unbelievable. that's a hard work, unbelievable because some people say it never happened. this is not believable because it can't be true. it is so fantastic. when you study the holocaust you realize how much you don't know. you might think you are an expert but believe me, that changes. bergen belson was was one historian called the final stop determinist of the holocaust. by 1945, the springtime, americans are closing in on one side, the british, the americans, the french, the soviets, maps from april 18th so this map shows you some red dots that are concentration camps. this is a book from the 198

and they lined the streets of new york city. his pallbearers are to union generals into confederate generals. at the end of his life and that's the relationships they have that went back all the way to the mexican-american war. >> in the book you cover the fact that lincoln wasn't envious but he looked over his shoulder at some point and saw grant and said oh my gosh this guide may run for president against may, right? >> yeah you did but grant thought he was that popularity was that popular with the american people but grant never had that aspiration. he really didn't want to run for political office. he was asked all the time to run for president and he said they'll may office i thought about running for was mayor of galena so i could build a wall from my house to the depot. he finishes as the general and goes back to galena illinois. there's a big sign that says general the sidewalk is gone. [laughter] that was his only political aspiration but he does get recruited. he has this admiration for lincoln and a relationship that

comes from new york city, has been sometime in the '90s and in 2000, trying to make new york city better for them but it has become and 70s 80s, thisfr book has struck a particular note. so great book and we had a lovely conversation about it upstairs and you will hear great conversation today with sally representing a.i. and her work and also director and policy studies program, he also is a great scholar cities and urban politics and ways in which not so much things have gone wrong, but how things can get better and be improved to make communities more conducive to human flourishing which what we are all as a drafter i think that's what i wanted to say to introduce is great panel discussion i do want to welcome michael to the stage is also written another book anyone without, will it seems like just yesterday that you run a populist neighbor which is also in a way kind of challenge to the progressive on another big issue so isiv remarkable that yu can cover the so well and with that i'm going to turn it over to sally ryan michael and welcome and thank you for being here printed. [appla

he's a former track worker with new york city transit and has served as the international president of twu since 2014. our fourth witness is mr. john case aready, president of the air marshals association. he's a former senior federal air marshal and he has served as president of the ama since its formation in 2011. i want to thank all the witnesses today for their participation. i look forward to hearing your testimony. without objection, the witnesses' full statements will be inserted in the record. i'm now asking each witness to summarize their statements for five minutes, beginning with dr. kelly. you need to unmute, dr. kelly. >> thank you so much. can you hear me now? okay, thank you. chairwoman watson coleman, ranking member gimenez, chairman thompson, ranking member katko and members of the subcommittee, on behalf of the american government employees, i thank you for the opportunity to testify today. among the 700,000 federal employees, we're proud to count 45,000 transportation security officers and tsa who protect the flying public. today's topic is timely, and we're all prep

we watched the track until it faded over new york city. lieutenant general tom, commander air force base shreveport, louisiana: we were in the midst of this annual exercise called global guardian. they loaded all the bombers, but the submarines out to sea, but the icbms at nearly 100%. it was routine. we did it every year. a captain came in and said sir, we have in aircraft that hit the world trade center. i started to correct him, saying when you have in exercising but you have to start by saying i have an exercise in put that way it doesn't get confused with the real world. then he pointed me to the tv screens in the command center. you could see smoke pouring out of the building. like everyone else in aviation that day, i said how in a clear in a million day could the plane had the world trade center. this grew out of an article that i wrote for political magazine in 2016 for the 15th anniversary of 9/11. there was an oral history of being aboard air force one with president bush, and i went out and interviewed 28 of the people who were

>> i am so grateful so first of all covering the new york city primaries coming up that also to do so much with the pandemic that's a really great question and interesting place to start so people say isn't it a little too soon to start processing the stories that have come out over the last year? and first off all. and then to be ongoing. and that to deny access so that this is a crisis very much ongoing and those are some of the early weeks in new york city and was a powerful story to tell to zoom in on that particular so the early weeks of the pandemic were eerie at a frightening time for a lot of different reasons. so first of all. >> and they cannot be out there reporting on the same ways that we were. >> and those that were doing something is incredibly constructive for the city at a moment were so many people were struggling to figure out how to respond. >> and then how to connect with the jean doctors. >> can you talk for a moment what it was like to be a reporter in the early days of the pandemic? i imagine when he started to lay the groundwork for the book, people imagined t

and it really framed my experience of new york city. every step i took it was cautioned number one, fear was number two followed by hunger. and i don't know. i don't know if my father had cautioned usdifferently if would have been better or worse . there's just no telling. for him to have done that you would have had to be a different person which means all of the this would have unfolded differently and i would be adifferent person . he did as i say i probably would have handled it a bit differently. but it's got us out at the end. >> i want to talk about hunger. let's start with the hunger. it was a way that you put the imagery through the book. when you were in new situations and hunger was the predominant thing you were dealing with personally and you would look at people in your first impressions would be theylook like a dumpling . this one smells like fried whatever. i wonder as the child, was that help hovering over you every day? how did you manage to get good grades or do homework when your stomach is growling all the time ? >>

, he saying in jewish synagogues new york city do have enough money to help support his family pretty but he was from the wing of the party that originally was very much roosevelt oriented and teddy roosevelt fielded much of the progressive wing of the party in 1912 election and the guy who seemed to emerge as a liberal figure party was over clark hoover and an icon for worldview but in humorous case, all of these young guys like dewey and they all sort of came to new york together, mostly from the midwest and sought their careers together and from then in the 1920, herbert92 hoover was a beacon of optimism and so on. do we sort of picked up that torch in his hoover turn on the reveal, dewey and his friends, became a sort of barriers of the more modern republican party. and they were good at it, tom dewey was elected three times as the governor of new york and a diverse and incredibly difficult to manage state and the politics. but dewey became the focal point and he managed to organize a sturdy, well disciplined party which was ideological, he was sort of practical and yet they were

and here you are now the postpresidential post new york city mayor's race with a new book and i thought both really reflected what i had other candidates saw you on the trail which was someone who was having fun and shaking things up. so andrew, in the spirit of shaking things up in the last couple of weeks you have been unable to her and recently your promoting the book as a show of on the show carlson and you felt blowback from some of the people who supported you during the campaign and i just my first question to kick off would you go back on first show? >> one of the things that also happens and it's great

[laughter] >> absolutely anybody in period i can take the mayor of new york city tells you the way of the media of the media and provincial things. and this is for somebody who living in central illinois that there is a relationship that develops over time that yes giuliani became a mayor and cuomo became a governor. but that relationship his family has had with the news media in that entire generation. so what that tends to reflect is that relationship that is very long-lasting and how journalism works. and there aret certain kinds of people that we will not do that and i think that you are talking about that you are spot on that is my day central critique and that the media elite and what they understand why that's important. especially at the largest national. >> one question that comes from dan who asks if we could of access so how do we address the difference between who has access and who is represented"and his reports. >> there is nothing more maddening and for some people to get information. from what they are willing to pay and i understand journalism has to pay for it i do.

york city, the st. louis firm he earned his most impressive military bouquets serving superintendent of west point. 1857 to 1861, he was lieutenant colonel of the second calvary and for a brief period, he was the colonel of the first u.s. capitol. then the outbreak of the civil war, he was offered themed command of the united states forces dealing with secessionist states. at that moment, he turned his back on more than 30 years of service command, first the virginia state forces bent rentable confederate army, the army of northern virginia. almost nothing in those proceeding 30 years has the slightest hint of the decision he made the army to forswear his oath to defend the united states he first took upon commissioning in 1829. to refuse what what have been the pinnacle of his military career. as mary chest discovered, nothing so characterizes robert e lee as the question. why? why did he do what he did, why was he the man he was? 's general answer in 1861 that big decision about refusing command of th

it's in the city of new york. >> this is the finest, most exquisite. it's like if the met gala were also a costume party. it's the most incredible, exquisite perfect coach your, fantastic. >> spending huge amounts of money. the thing isembroidered with gold and diamond buttons and our favorite character of all is this woman . missed strong. >> kate deering strong. >> which i think is the greatest name . she came, her costume was a costume. we have the picture in the book but the bodice was made out of real faces . the start was tales, all white of course. and on her head was an actual taxidermy with its paws and on her neck she had a black choker with in diamonds the word plus written. >> totally epic. i have a question. maybe i haven't asked you in other contexts so i'm curious how you're going to answer it because you alluded to thinking your mom would have really enjoyed this book which obviously makes me completely delighted and happy because it's like the highest praise imaginable. but my question is knowing how you felt about your vanderbilt conn

someone comes from new york city and spent some time in the '90s, early 2000 trying to make new york city better from what it had become in the '70s and '80s, this book has struck a particular note. and it's a great book we have a lovely conversation upstairs about it and you're going to hear a great conversation today with sally representing aei and her work, and also ryan streeter, the director of domestic policy studies program. he also is a great scholar of cities and urban politics and ways in which not so much things have gone wrong but of things can get better and i think can be improved to make our communities moreet conducive to human floor sheeting, which is what we all after. i think that's what it wanted to say to introduce of this great panel discussion. i do want to welcome michael to the stage. he's also written another book you might've thought which is this? it seems like yesterday you wrote a book which is also in way kind of a challenge towards progressive orthodoxy on another egg issue. so with remarkable you could cover both grounds so well. with that i'm going t

as someone who comes from new york city and spent time in the 90s and early 2000 trying to make new york city better from what it had become in the 70s and 80s, this book has struck a particular note. it's a great book. we had a lovely conversation upstairs and you're going to hear a great conversation with sally representing aei and also ryan streeter, director ofdomestic policy . he is a great scholar of cities and urban politics and the way in which not so much things have gone wrong but how things can get better and how things can be improved and make our communities more conducive to human flourishing because this is what we're all after . i think what i wanted to say to introduce this great panel discussion. i want to welcome michael to the state. you might have thought what is this because it seems like yesterday you wrote a populist never which is also a challenge towards progressive orthodoxy on another big issue . it's remarkable that you broke ground so well with that i'm going to turn it over to sally and ryan and michael and welcome you all to aei . >> i wanted to start just

one of my favorite places in new york city. the new york historical society. as you pay tribute to one of my favorite writers. the great robert caro. this was written a few years ago bob has given us the gift of some of the finest books on politics and poetry ever written. always meticulously researched, worded and always cutting to the heart of the matter. chattering what drove people in power to make the decisions that they made and how those decisions affected real lives both positively and negatively. and i will always remember the afternoon bob and i spent in harlem a few years ago talking about history in the writing process. there is a greater appreciation for his book. now his archive is at the new york historical society i can't wait to visit. who knows bob maybe you could give me a tour of the exhibit. in all seriousness i want to thank you for all you have done to help us expand our understanding of the past, the present leading to our ability to envision the possibility of the future. i wish you a wonderful celebration in many more years of continu

and by no means are going to have new york city draft which is on the books of the worst in u.s. history for the smaller draft rights, have a ph student right now trying to help, there were smaller pockets all of the north. all over the place. and they're upset about this, good question. is there anything else. >> riots in north carolina for instance he got in the mountains so so that you have organized rioting and like you would in new york city but people leaving and creating a greater havoc starts individually perhaps, maybe in small communities getting bigger and bigger and bigger. >> that could be. is there anything else, yep. >> yes and thank you, from the correspondence or should say how much, they get involved, they just want to plant their crops, they could not care less about the confederacy or the union they just want to be i guess what i'm trying to say, all you have to remember, could be stewards thing and shenandoah. >> i would definitely imagine there were people there, and if you look at the maps that actually break down the states where they had kind of by county

york city subway in a conversation between foster and oates on the writing life later a discussion about the last living survivor of the atlantic slave trade was published in 2018 the oldest impairment by a major company publishing house devoted to the african-american market for 10:00 p.m. eastern on after words head of the children's hospital talks about his book you bet your life blood transfusion to mass vaccination is interviewed by doctor emily gurley epidemiologist at john hopkins university watch book tv every sunday on c-span2 find a schedule of your program guide watch anytime a booktv.org. >> you can be a part of the national conversation by participating in video competition so if you are a middle answers the question how does the federal government impact your life? you don't give entry must show supporting and opposing points of view on policies or programs you or your community watching c-span video clips which are easy to find and access it c-span.org. c-span awards $100,000 in total cash prizes have a shot at winning the grand prize of $5000 entries must be received befo

toward the end of my writing, there's a private investigator at my house in the suburbs of new york city. it's a little strange to answer your question because not really to be honest, i think this comes with the territory and in some ways part of the story i was trying to tell was about a family and themi company that gt away with itt for a long time ad part of the reason they got away with it is they used these kinds of tactics so in the book i talk about when you have a purdue pharma sales representative suing the company because she wasn't pushing their opioid as aggressively as they wanted her to be and they fired her, they crush her. they lawyered up and went after her. when barry meyer was reporting for the new york times did unbelievable ground breaking reporting on the purdue pharma, they sent lawyers to new york times and said you have to take barry meyer off the story for complicated reasons, the history of the times at that particular moment, they did, they tookim hm off the story so. >> he was very unhappy about it. >> he was very unhappy about it. there's a big mistake but

the director of new york city mayors office of climate resiliency since 2017 and i think previously served on the white house counsel environmental quality during the obama administration and i'mer interested in hearing the plans should she become assistant secretary for the oceans and atmosphere and i want to stress that it should be guided by scientific standards and never partisan agenda and i don't anticipate she will want to give the committee her perspective on these fundamental principles. quite familiar with the department of commerce since he serves as a senior advisor to secretary and previously worked as the director of policy at the international trade administration during the obama administration. i hope you will share his goals on promoting trade and keeping u.s. companies, helping u.s. companies get started with exporting or increasing sales to new global markets. i think all of the nominees for appearing before the committee today and i understand he isn't ill but is quarantined because perhaps he was exposed to covid and we look forward to a robust hearing. thank you. >>

the national book awards are being held on november 17th in new york city. it is a virtual event this year, and as always, booktv the will be covering it. and finally, according to npd book scan, print book sales rose 12% for the week ending october 30th. that means book sales are up 10.5% for the year. and joining us now on "about books" is janet webster jones. she's co-owner of source booksellers in, detroit. ms. jones, how long have you had your bookstore, and where are you located in detroit? >> guest: well, good morning, peter. it's a pleasure once again to be on c-span for booksellers. we've been in business since 1989 which is now s about 32 years, maybe going on 33. but in the process, we've had several changes that we have gone through, and the pandemic is our last, most impactful change, i think. >> host: so what's the last year and a half, almost two years been like for you at source? >> guest: well, when the stay at home orders came down from our governor, we closed our doors, but we did not close the business. and i feel very proud of that becau