exchange that predominantly facilitated attacks and also we are looking at other exchanges and other mixers that are doing the same in order to hold them accountable and working with our international counterparts to do it so as well. >> thank you. in 2018, i enjoyed the senator to request a report from the gao on remittances. and as you know they have a weak financial system and a high level poverty and active criminal or terrorist activity. can you expand on the sanctions and the recommendations for careful calibration to limit these sanctions on the flow of. [inaudible]. humanitarian aid to those in need and how carefully he's calibrating of the - >> this is a critical issue. when we use our sanctions regime our goal is to offer actors who violate our national security. and for the humanitarian assistance and it continues to flow but what we have learned of the last 20 years is often times, when we do not permit humanitarian assistance as right now it creates a gap between an some uncertainty for those who are acting in the space. part of her goal is to ensure that as we go forward, we f

we're also looking at other exchanges and other ix mixers doing the same and working with our international counter parts to do so as well. >> thank you. let me jump to something else. in 2018 i joined senator flake to request a report from the gao on remitness to fragile nations. and fragile nations have weak financial systems, high levels of poverty and access to criminal or terrorist activity. can you expand on these sanctions where these recommendations or careful calibration to limit the impact on the flow of legitimate humanitarian aid to these in need. and how will you calculate those sanctions? >> senator, this is a critical issue. when we use our sanction regime our goal is to go after actors who violate our national security but to permit for humanitarian assistance to continue to flow. what we've learned over the last 20 years is oftentimes when we do not permit humanitarian assistance as right now it creates a gap between and some uncertainty for those who are acting in this space. so part of our goals is to ensure that as we go forward we find ways to create exceptions where po