. >> this is your immediate title, life after google. i'd recommended which is related to this new book deeming ai. i'm going to take you unexpected somewhere. i think partlybecause i'm looking at messages coming from our viewers . following on what i just said about what you said about the stultifying effects of this belief really, this faith that the mine is nothing other than accidental material. mechanical and physical so this person says the mind is still more complex than the organic system is hard to say there is no god so that's what this person says. i think that's a goodpoint but i have another point that's different from that which is this . let me try this on you. when i was reading your book this thought struck me which is that there is always has been in civilization something of attention if not always a position between a mindset which is empirical in nature and a mindset which is spiritual and pious in nature. that's why people say religion and science have been in each other's way and there's something to that but based

nobody looks out more than say years would be a long-term chart and you can google long-term chart on any subject and yet i go back in my book, special government publications and i can find those answers back 50 years or 100 years is what you need to understand what's going on . and then i do a lot more things than just beverage consumption. >> you say you are a proponent of wikipedia. >> yes. i'll tell you, i believe you always have to be a skeptic, not a cynic where you always got people's motives but a skeptic. born in missouri, show me. in business history, wikipedia is often awful. sometimes it's okay but i used to work at the company or somebody who hates the company, read a history of the company that is 100 years old and it'll say two lines about the founding and in 2007 a sold out to so-and-so. there's all that missing but on the other hand if i want to look up a type ofbird, a city , its population, wikipedia is pretty darn good but certainly if i'm going to put something in writing in the book or in one of my blogs and newsletters i'm going to check and double check and ma

donald trump won the white house, google pushed open markets out of our long time home, face but decided they wanted to rule the world. so it took a while but in late 2019 nikki and i reconnected and his book is proof of two things. first, that nifty indeed has the chops to save american journalism, and second, that nikki can pretty much do it on her own. that said, we do have someone with us today to talk with nikki about "news for the rich, white, and blue" who is himself very much ann expert in these same threats to american democracy, and that's matt thompson of the "new york times." that is editor of the times new headway initiative which it is deep investigations into economics, health, environment and more.♪ matt has worked at the fresno bee, minneapolis "star tribune" and the atlantic as well as at the center for public integrity and the poynter institute. in her book nikki writes the journalismd is what enables an active and engaged citizenry, so a last i welcome everyone who is joined us today because as good as important as this book is we can't win this great battle for dem

.♪ ♪ from the powers that now ♪ ♪ most threaten it, ♪ ♪ especially google and ♪ ♪ facebook but also from the ♪ ♪ edginess and wealth of the♪ ♪ privileged .♪ ♪ when power and politics ♪ ♪ got in the way, donald ♪ ♪ trump won the white house, ♪ ♪ google open markets, ♪ ♪ facebook decided they ♪ ♪ wanted to rule the world.♪ ♪ so it took a while but in ♪ ♪ late 2019 nikki and i♪ ♪ reconnected and this book ♪ ♪ is proof of two things .♪ ♪ first nikki indeed has the ♪ ♪ chops to save american ♪ ♪ journalism and second, ♪ ♪ that nikki can pretty much ♪ ♪ do it on her own.♪ ♪ that said you have someone ♪ ♪ with us today to talk with ♪ ♪ nikki about news for the ♪ ♪ rich white and blue is ♪ ♪ himself very much an ♪ ♪ expert in these same ♪ ♪ threats.♪ ♪ that's matt thompson of ♪ ♪ the new york times.♪ ♪ matt is editor of the ♪ ♪ times new headway in ♪ ♪ addition which does the ♪ ♪ investigations into ♪ ♪ economic health, the ♪ ♪ environment and more.♪ ♪ he has worked

from the powers that most now threatened especially google and facebook but also from the prejudices and wealth ofof the privilege. within power and politics go out in the way. donald trump won the white house, google pushed open markets and facebook decided they wanted to rule the world. nikki and i reconnected and this book is proof of two♪ things. first nikki indeed has the chops to save american journalism and a second, nikki can pretty much do it on her own. that said we have someone with us today to talk about news for the rich, white and blue who is an expert on these things and that is matt thompson of "the new york times," the new headway initiative that does a deep investigation intoes economics, the environment and more. working at the fresno minneapolis star tribune and the atlantic as well as the center for public integrity at the institute. in her book, nikki writes the journalism is what enables an active and engaged citizenry so last i welcome everyone who's joined us today because as good as important as the book is, we can't win this great battle for democracy in

from the powers that now most threatened and especially google and facebook, but also from the prejudices off wealth and privilege. then power and politics of god in the way. donald trump won the white house, googledo pushed open, facebookth decided they wanted o rule the world so it took a while but late 2019, we reconnected and this book was proof of two things. first, nikki indeed and at the e chops to save american journalism and can pretty much do it on her own. with that said we do have someone with us today to talk about news for the rich, white and blue and that is matt thompson editor of the initiative that does deep investigations into♪ economics, the environment and more. matt has worked at the fresno, minneapolis star tribune and the atlantic as well as the center for public integrity of the institute. in her book nikki writes the journalism is what enabled the active and engaged citizenry so last i welcome everyone who's joined us today because as good as nikki's book is, we can't win the great battle in the 21st century unless every citizen is active and engaged in every c

i said, you know, hugs, and yes, it is google translate and everything, but it is so much humor. the other thing i always tell the kids if we're not laughing, we're crying. we definitely have a lot to cry about. you know, he's telling this beautiful story of like well the war broke out so we left, and then they called and said we could come to america. that's the shortest quickest easiest description of sam's life, like i know where he actually came from. i've had dinner at his family's house. his family came to my parent's house two years in a row for thanksgiving. i know their story. i know his father. i know his mother. and you would be in a corner crying if you knew his real story. so i always tell them, if we're not laughing, we're crying. let's do a lot of laughing >> the way your department and sullivan sort of supports the students that come in, to me this seems way beyond just learning english; right? >> uh-huh. >> you talk about, you know, advice you would give in how to get a job, you know, court dates and all that advice that you give just for kind of a cultural notes

the google translates the school policing kids like sam who wanted to talk to their classmates. let's say the congo or anywhere wanting to flirt or share music and google translates, you can take a picture in a can translate into a language alone but again you want to say and it translates in one of my favorite kind of things that i would seen inside of the halls is kids, flirting with each other through google translate rated and how they look just a little bit scrambled up. the most beautiful wonderful wife and think bones even though that's not like the - but is one of the things that because of the communication happens. you know like with a teenager anywhere. >> elly fishman you focus on for students in the book go to the school in the way were introduced to them, we learn about them as people and who t they are before we read and learn about the burdens the carrier the trauma they may have experienced and what was that important to you. >> i mentioned earlier that i was aware that kids carry heavy burdens and come from all different kinds of backgrounds and situation but i

. >> now-- no, technology chief at google and it developed ai the response to gmail. responses that allow you to anticipate how you are going to respond to it. >> i noticed the responses have been getting more courteous and more specific. i suppose it's due to his development. >> that's his contribution. really i think all these people forgotten the fundamental principles of computer science. >> that's what's striking about this book because you don't seem to be as much as a doomsday or as some. in fact, you seem to think the potential of ai may be oversold, but that even in the overselling there could be some collateral damage and you are trying to avoid that. have i got that right? >> yeah, i think that's right. the idea that somehow ai competes with human minds is a fundamental illusion. >> a lot of these technology creators came to the work having already observed the idea that the human mind is nothing more than a neat machine and so if they knew that quote unquote knew that to begin with and it's not surprising that the conception of artificial intelligence coul

especially google and facebook but also the wealth of the privilege. then our politics got in the way. donald trump, trump won the white house and facebook decided they wanted to rul the world so it took a while but in late 2019 nikki and i reconnected in this book is proof of two things, first that nikki indeed has the chops to save american journalism and she can pretty much do it on her own. that said we have several to talk withwi nikki about "news fr the rich, white and blue" who is an expert and that is matt thompson. he's editor of the new times which does deep investigations and economic health than they have remained and more. he's worked for the "minneapolis star tribune" at the atlantic as well as the center for public enteric -- public integrity. in her book nikki writes journalism is what enabled active citizenry. i welcome everyone is joined us today because this is as important as nikki'swe book we can't mention democracy and 21st century must every citizen is active engage and every citizen is workingev to protect and rebuild american j

. >> the life after google. >> this is immediately after i, life after google. gaming a.i., i'm going to take you somewhere unexpected here i think probably because i'm looking at messages from our viewers right now so following what i just said about the effects of this belief, faith that the mind is nothing other than accidental material, mechanical and physical, this person says the simplest of mind is still more complex with internet system, kind of hard to say there is no god, that's what this person says, but i have another thing that's a little different from when i was reading your book, this thought struck me, there always has been in history of civilization something attention is not always opposition, a mindsetna which is empirical in nature and a mindset bets and spiritual and pious in nature so that's why people religion is signs in each other's way. there's something to that but what i am saying based on your analysis is there's a new spiritual or devotional attitude about the singularity which make itself form new opposition between science and re

why could google become such a powerhouse, why did apple really take off? because there was probably i would imagine a lot more scrutiny in microsoft internally in terms of the competition in the marketplace and what kind of stance they talk in terms of being more aggressive to competitors. so, i think that's what we actually saw that there was a regressive mess in the marketplace regardless of whether or not the company was broken up. so i don't think that was the key. it was just the change of attitude that happened as a result. >> thank you. this one is for jeremy. why are both republican and democratic administrations stopping big tech from acquiring small companies and what could become the competitors and i will join with another question which is any thoughts on the difference in the u.s. being republican or republic, sorry, not a democracy modifies the perspectives on policy so basically, how should we interpret the differences between the parties were look at the system and understand why we are where we are? >> one of the things we do in the book

of course then covid happened and no traveling and as i started to collect information thanks to my google alert which continues to pour things in i realize to help douse the topic was and i was really overwhelmed. it took me several months to figure out -- i kept out trying to figure out how to organize it so was a big challenge because as you said it affects so many people in so many different ways and it is in fact end i understand the word intersectional because it's an intersectional issue. the place where race poverty and environmental concerns, water issues politics and incarceration all of these issues meet and for people who are the least powerful people the further down the list of powerful you are the more your period could be a catastrophe so after a long time with his giant salad of things i started to figure out ways to arrange them in each chapter so there's one about indigenous cultures where it was actually celebrated and there's a chapter which is booming. small tube billion-dollar industry the period business and education and religion so there were times i was really pu

for a long time, every business plan set at the end we will sell to google but in the last few years, with ipo taking off again, it's become ipo valley once more. it's democratized and people get to participate in the process of creation making wealth and that is much as entrepreneurship is the heart of the valley. >> it almost seemed like for ahe while now only were startups keeping money to be t multibillion-dollar unicorns as they call them but rather get caught up if you are a chip company looking to buy you if you are a a social media company or instagram thinking facebook is going to come in and give us $1 billion, youtube and google but you're right, we started to see more ipos, as a journalist, i like to see that because they are independent. i remember when microsoft did that many years ago, barbie sat if yahoo goes away because they would be bought by another giant company but it went away for different reasons. >> the big police were making themselves immortal. facebook and starting tomm lose some of your billion users so what you do? you by the next hot company and you kee

then also, google. when i was going to school, google wasn't a thing. netscape was a thing. it wasn't very good. >> yes. remember aol chat. we can go into it. that's a whole other panel. it's inherent for me about recognizing authors that are black inherently but i've also acquired work by a filipina golfer and recognized speaking to that particular author was brilliant that isn't disparate from the black culture. like we can come together on those things and recognize i can be a good editor for you and you can be a good writer for me and we are inherently learning from each other so that is the sent's disability i wanted to bring. it made the most sense for me in terms of where i was going next in my career and where i would feel comfortable. we had a wonderful assistant that started this year. they are young and hungry and eager and we all have a great sensibility. leaning towards a woman's perspective, recognizing you know, intersections, non-binary identities, making sure we are not perpetuating the issues that are perpetuated by white supremacy in itself, but again that

wanting to share music and google translated and i had no idea how advanced it had gotten. you can take a picture and it translates the language let alone putting in what you want to say. oneha of my favorite things thai would see inside of the holes is kids kind of flirting with each other through google translate. [laughter] into things would get a little scrambled in the most beautiful, wonderful ways. so, i think even though that's not [inaudible] it's how the communications have been like with all teenagers. >> in the book you focus on four students that go to the schools. we learn about them as people and who they are before. why was that important to you as you are writing the story? >> i think i mentioned earlier that i was aware that these kids carried a heavy burden and come from all different kinds of backgrounds and situations. they are not defined by that. they are trying to buy sim cards.we they are teenagers. i wanted to understand who they were in the schools because they edwere kids and this is somethig we talked about in the process. what i was seeing was

google the product and say all their bad properties in this or other chemicals in this? you will probably get your answer. dwg does a great job in going to the most popular products that people are using. >> and i'm sure the person asks probably knows but for other people they have an app, healthy living out, which has a list of stuff but you can also if you're in the store kind of forgot what to buy you can look things up. i would also, what laurie said, like if you're if youe ingredient list of something you can -- basin which is seen on the website or other products,, like what is a problem and what's not. laurie has some, there's a great chapter in a book on chemicals but one very misleading area of chemical production personal-care products is fragrance. because these companies, that counts as a trade secret or something but they can -- [inaudible] that can be something to avoid. >> so reading ingredients is so important. like that is, if you're not doing that come start doing it. i love you mention fragrance because like i never thought of like candles, for example

google translates. you can just take a picture and it translated into the language letting alone putting in what you ask her you ask i want to say and community catering. one of the things i would see inside the hall is kids flirting with each other through local translate and how things would get a little bit scrambled and a beautiful and wonderful way. even though that's one of things i saw is i how communication happens. >> elly in the book you fork it -- focus on learning about them as people before he read and learn about theha burdens tt they carry or the trauma that they may carry. >> i mentioned earlier that i was aware that we carry burdens that come from all different kinds of backgrounds and situations but look at this young man. they are not defined by that. they are multifaceted people and they get here and they are trying to buy sim card so they can talk to their friends and they are teenagers. i wanted to understand who they were in the school that day in who they were as teenagers first

surprised they didn't report my google history with uranium and bombs. [laughter] there was a lot that was disconcerting for sure that we got into into this and what i've heard from people who are reading it is that it is entertaining and thrilling and it makes you think, it makes you think. i'm sorry stacey. it was the external threat of this open the door and speak as readers and those of us who are unfamiliar with what secretary clinton went through and to see the external threat but what we fail to do sometimes is to turn around and realize that the real threat is already in the room with us and you talk about the vast silence and we are seeing it now. people who know perfectly well what is right and what is the truth and don't speak out. that was terrifying. >> what of the most fun parts of writing fiction is that you get to the view characters with things he would never admit you wanted to be so without giving away a thought point can you describe a characteristic or characters that showed who you are who you wish you could eat? >> we talked about

it was changing things in ways that benefited everyone so arpeople wanted to have google n one side and apple on the other and to think about the potential of technology, the economic growth potential of technology and who looked at the regulatory momentum that was building in europe when you were in office and thought they are only doing that because they don't have any tech companies of their own. you can find people on the democratic and republican side who want to put a bull's-eye on big tech on both sides of the aisle although they diagnosed diagnose theproblem in slightlyt ways so were find ourselves in a policy window where you will actually see bipartisan momentum to tackle the problem with big tech but where can we come to agreement on the problem to be solvedro and how should we solve itha and what are those low hanging fruits? that doesn't mean the democrats aren't going to continue to bang the drum's on antitrust and continue to raise concerns about censorship on the platform. they will continue to have a partisan element but the challenge in the current moment is to take ad

i visited the grounds yesterday, right, and i googled him means of nantucket and came across a picture that i have in my living room. this is my grandmother. nantucket fest historic sia writer. there wasn't a name underneath it. ruth westrum that's my grandmother. she passed away in 1964. i've got to do more digging to see where she was from. this is one woman. i've heard from a corner. i heard it is not mashpee. i can find in the records so i'll have to start keep on digging to see what i find. thank you, guys. any questions? that's my story, guys. [applause] >> this week we're looking back to this date in history. >> in keeping with a long-standing tradition, pumpkin and piquant are hereby granted a full and unconditional, unconditional presidential pardon. i wish all americans a happy thanksgiving and may god bless you. >> follow us on social media at c-span history for more this date in history posts. >> black friday, the sale you've been waiting for starts this friday at c-spanshop.org, c-span's online store. shop friday through sunday and save up to 30% on our latest collection a

are unhappy with the effects of technology on society, yes you can feel angry of the leadership of google or apple or microsoft and facebook, but not only that because ultimately, the failure to mitigate the harms of technology, is a failure of our political system and our elected officials so there is a need for all of us in the context of the republic to get informed and to develop these issues and hold the politicians accountable enjoying leadership. they need to mitigate these harms. >> they keep that inspirational thoughts that everybody can and should take their role in response ability andnd this ones for rob, there are quite a few parallels being drawn with past lessons learned. for over 30 years governments have failed to take action on climate change and now with her back against the walls, and the action is still insufficient and given that, what he think governments will be able to take appropriate action on ai and big tech in the other question which i thank you so related is that there parallels between big tech today in the financial markets in 2007, and regulation in finan

. >> let me google that. the nice thing google exists for things. [inaudible] >> august 21. all right there is your answer. [laughter] and then bethel brings us back to questions about media and reporting. >> i should say the media, the story of the 1919 is it media event. it was sort of the first big media event of the postwar period, radio international telegraph line. it quickly spread around the world nobody more so than einstein. he hears about this when reporters show up at his door. he is like why do you people care about what i have to say? [laughter] much less following him around asking questions. for the accuracy of the reporting this is interesting that as the original story in the times which an important sense is supplanted they recruit them to come to the announcement of the results for that is pretty accurate. but then the "new york times" hits the times of london article and then writes their own article based on the article. they are not talking to him. so then it begins to creep in. i'm still showing my screen here, i will go back to the times article. the

nobody looks out more than say years would be a long-term chart and you can google long-term chart on any subject and yet i go back in my book, and yet i go back in my books, and i can find those answers are readily back 50 years, 100 years which is what you need to understand what goes on. that applies to a lot more things than a beverage consumption. corrects you say you are a proponent of wikipedia. >> yes i believe you always have to be a skeptic, not a cynic where you doubt people's motives and other things but a skeptic, born inow missouri, like in business history, wikipedia is often awful. sometimes it's okay but it's a rant for somebody who used to work at the company and hates the company. it's 100 years old and will say two lines about the founding and then 2007 they sold out to so-and-so. on the other hand i would look up aer type of animal, a bird, city, population, a country, wikipedia is pretty darn good. if i'm going to put something in riding in a book or one of the blogs or newsletter and when he got going to check ands double check and make sure the sources are righ

as whistleblowers have shown tech companies like facebook and google don't care about anything or anyone other than their own profits. almost unanimously we understand that. last week i raised concerns about facebook's efforts to get their hands on americans hard-earned paychecks and pushing users to send and receive payments with a face full stable point. we know facebook has failed to obtain the damage their products cause. they clearly can't be trusted with americanspaychecks . director, expectyou in this committee to share the results of the cfpb investigation . we expect you will work to the companies from wreaking havoc on the financial system the way they have in every otherindustry they get involved in . that is our expectation and i hope that's yourcommitment . >> with respect to the orders we issued the law provides us some ability to make summaries of those results available to the public and to you and we will keep you updated on that. >> thank you, senator to me. >> as i mentioned the biden cfpb has purportedly taken unusual and possibly unlawful actions to push out career c

for a long time, every business plan said at the end, and then we will sell to google. but in the last few years taking off again it has become ipo valley once more. that is fine. it is democratizing. people get to participate in the process of creation of making wealth. i think that is much as entrepreneurship is the heart of the valley. >> it almost seems like for a while there not only were startups keeping money to keep multibillion-dollar uniforms as they call them if you are a chip company perhaps an intel to buy you if you were a social media company or an instagram ear thing facebook's going to come in and give you a billion dollars. but then you are right we started to see more ipos. as a journalist i like to see that because they are independent. i remember when microsoft thinking that would be sad if yahoo goes away because they are absorbed by another giant company and end up going away for different reasons. >> the big companies are making themselves immortal. here at facebook and you're starting to lose some of your billion users so what you do? you buy th

is this what google and facebook did, sine qua non? exactly opposite. marissa mayer famously ordered a going back but google bot 1 million have square feet in downtown manhattan. they all try to create these work playgrounds to make sure people are around each other all the time because they believe creativity works by connecting people. one of the interesting things that come out of microsoft is there's a nice study that came out last month that there's a real decrease in connections across different groups which the paper really thinks is going to lead a decrease in crete giving microsoft because these were teams are becoming more siloed. one final is that the remote world is a very hard world for onboarding new workers and is an unequal world. the onboarding point is if you look at productivity computer programmers, some studies have suggested it's all just fine but if you look at new hires for computer programmers or burning glass technology, counting a new postings, that was down 40% between february 2020 and november 2020. a massive decline in the

museum in a flashing between multiple periods of c time and when the computer is and facebook is an google or farm fields, and i can remember that i can remember when nasa was adding more buildings out there i saw the shoreline and steve is pulling the amphitheater is everything that all seems to be here simultaneously, the past and the present. in the valley, is kind of the same way. it has not changed. in fundamental ways but it has changed completely that very very different place producing very very different products and services and have some of the characteristics of the valley, survived. is still that same hard-driving entrepreneurial community read and instead of meeting in the spacer meeting to plot the creation of their companies with her still plotting the creation of new companies. >> it struck me the rock stars of the time of the book weren't that ship executives in the big industry with the chp industry that lasted for quite some time and then there was quite a period of time when chips for sort of on the back burner and they work everywhere but they were not getting all of

thank you for writing the book and letting the earlier book, life after google, which i recommend, and thank you for being a friend of the institute. we are thankful for that. >> you've been critical to the development of this place and many other creative places. we refer friends to our friends at the seattle discovery institute, and again thanks to george and everyone who joined us for today's independent conversation from the independent institute here in oakland, california. have a great day and please, join us again. >> thank you. >>> we are committed to providing eligible families access to affordable internet through the connect to compete program bridging the digital divide. bringing us closer. >> along with these television companies, supporting c-span2 as a public service.

favorite three talk about transparency in computers and how to get both os these play a role in these google trends come the great machine that will predict so many things but that did not work. maybe each of you can say a little bit about what are your favorite stories or something, to me that is the entrance point for normal human to jump into these complexity of these beautiful stories and maybe it could be as hard as choosing a favoriteg child, my fourth one s my favorite by far but some might have a harder time. is there something that you love about what you wrote and you would love to share in your own voice heard. >> i really fell in love withth the public health campaign, florence nightingale was raging in the 1860s. for me this was an astonishing story, she is most famous for a nurse she was also one of the of - and slightly over testified, she began a public health revolution with a pie chart. this was going into the details of the oppositions she was facing against the medical establishment and the way that she had the evidence, a team of crack geeks who demonstrated the point th

. >> i think that google is fine, i think if you just google it, would find references and articles but i do want to respond with the possibility of written ending not just the slave trades but slavery and they had a huge antislavery movement in britain and wanted to do just that and it definitely made the slavers, in the colonies very nervous. i do believe that i did what i thought was theha main reason ws the confirmation of that and of the expansion but is mainly the south wantedd to expand and they had worn out the land with commercialized agriculture raising non- good crops, cotton and indigo and tobacco. an essay wealthy and to build wealth, even the british empire, they wanted to move that ridgeland of the southeast the so-called civilized tribes were -cgreat agriculturalists and tae that landed so think that is the main reason but i think that the other reason and i would recommend reading gerald horne's work, on this and definitely the fear of ending slavery was predominant that the british public, i think they were not so afraid as a monarchy we do it but that revolution of th

for education in the computer science department at stanford university and also former scientist at google. five, the ag immigrated to the u.s. from iran. one hundred, dollars amount received for his first programming job. at 2.2 million views on youtube in his first lecture of the computer programming methodology course. 2,000 volunteer code in place of ta's who taught 22,500 students during the pandemic and aid, the total number of covid vaccine doses taken by four members of his household. so glad to have you here, mehran sahami. next, jeremy weinstein, professor of political science, director at stanford studies and fellow at the institute for national studies and the stanford institute for economic policy research at stanford university.t one, the number of times posted on a social media platform. in 1984, the year he moved to palo alto, california. more than 250 additional students that he teaches when he has -- when he teaches about computer science into political science department. forty-four, president barack obama, for whom he served on the national security council as chief of

let's say your job is analyzing or taking photos or tagging photos for google earth and you're living in uganda . plus you are part of that connected global digital economy and your earning a far higher wage but your college may still be lacking in water. there's still lots of things that we need to focus on at a local level which is why i should say honestly the humanitarian message of the book is pretty simple.what are the principles? if you cannot move people to resources, move technology to people, it's one of the dimensions in the book that i think is a fairly simple law that is lost. will they move technology to people and the world will be a better place. >> this might be the final question. you've traveled so much. you grew up in several differentplaces around the world . how did that take shape shift your thinking and ideals, how did it turn you into the person you are today? >> i don't take it for granted. it's a big part of who i am. for me travel is amethodology . it's not just fun and games. it's how i research and its either reaffirms or contradicts everything that i rea