he offered the legislation to create the tomb of the unknown soldier and place it at arlington national cemetery just across the river from our capitol city as a monument for the nation to mourn those lost, whether they came home or not. so, as i mentioned, there were a great number of unknown soldiers who had perished by the end of the first world war. and the selection process was actually really rather fascinating. i should mention that they gathered from several different major battlefields, different unknown soldiers who had fallen in battle, and they brought them to a small town in the champagne region of france where one of the highest decorated enlisted soldiers, enlisted veterans of the war made the final selection of the anonymous flag-draped coffin to be the unknown soldier to rest at arlington in eternal memory and glory as a symbol, as a tangible representation of all of those other unknowns and all of those others who were intered across an ocean from their families and loved ones. this image you see here is a soldier being brought ashore. and he's brought to shore from th

the designer for the city of washington laid in state when at arlington national cemetery. on his way, they paused so that he could receive state honors to the capitol building. they felt it was that important as they were paying tribute to a figure who had, for a brief time, fallen into obscurity and was buried in a pauper's grave. and then relevant to world war i, the admiral of the navy george doey was laid in state in 1917 before we get to the world war i unknown in 1921. congress also played a role in supporting the memory and the preservation of and the tribute to those who have made the ultimate sacrifice, the last full measure of devotion to our country. in 1862, the omnibus act, which included a provision here. you can see from the national archives, an image of it and a transcription, and it provided the president with the authority to acquire land and create national cemeteries for those who gave that last full measure of devotion, those who died in service of the country. and ever since, the congress has been involved in preserving the memory and supporting thos

i should mention before we get into that, there are a significant number of unknowns buried at arlington from the civil war, more than 2000 remain in a large memorial, we could get into that a little later but you get to the spanish-american war fought farther from location than the civil war, mexican american and revolutionary war of 1812 and you have a policy and acted, repatriation bringing back the remains of deceased service members who died fighting barry closer to home. that conflict did not last quite as long had significantly fewer casualties than the first world war which placed decision-making how to deal with repatriation and the importance of a tomb of the unknown soldier. before we get to that, i will mention in 1913, congress approved and authorized spending for the government to create a new memorial amphitheater at arlington national cemetery. the cemetery had been civil war and they recognize the need for a larger more somber space to accommodate the visitors who were there to pay tribute to their deceased loved ones so they appropriated funds and authorized spending to

even more so at arlington, when he marries into the customs property at arlington. but there's also two other properties along the river. all told there is something like 190 slaves who are part of those properties. and robert lee benefits from that. when he marry so that he benefits from their work, their labor. he has a family who is one of the custis slaves. hurries wife has slaves who will wait on her. and they will assist with the children. they go on vacation. so, lee certainly benefits from the slave system even if he doesn't himself have personal title to large numbers of slaves. he doesn't. the curious thing is he really says nothing about slavery for years and years and years. not until the 18 fifties when slavery is becoming a crisis issue in american politics. and it's issuing to interesting that he talks about it at all because li had learned very early in his political career, military career, not to talk about politics. soldiers who talked about politics or who got mixed up in politics usually suffered for it. he saw that happen in the case of his fir

though married into one of the foremost families of virginia, the cost of arlington, arlington overlooked facing the national capitol, not virginia. his in-laws allies the nation first of state loyalty "afterwards". we could not more in 18612 factors. first, harry lee for all of his revolutionary fame had been our clock husband and father and left family when robert was only six years old. the shadow harry cast over the lee name was one of robert struggles to redeem the broad street of perfectionism in his behavior. robert also yearned to briefly of his father's reputation and otherwise. he wanted independence and wanted to be his own man and one sense his marriage was an attempt to stake out a room for himself but he also yearned for security. the security his father denied him so while most of lee's contemporaries left the army as soon as i received their taxpayer provided college degree decently resigned and go into private engineering practice other professions, stays with him as the one certain profession could count on. a huge factor in this pursuit of independence, security and per

and though lee married into one of the foremost families of virginia, the costas of arlington, arlington overlooked the potomac, facing the national capital, not virginia. and his if-laws were wigs who had the nation first and state loyalties afterwards. but lee could not ignore however in 1861 were two factors. first, light horse harry lee, for all of his revolutionary fame, had been a hard luck husband and father. and left his family for the west indies when robert was only 6 years old. the shadow that light horse harry cast over the lee name was one that robert struggled to redeem. hence that broad streak of perfectionism in his behavior. robert also yearned to breathe free of his father's reputation in other ways. one in independent and his own man and his marriage to mary custas was a way to stake out realm for himself. but he also yearned for security. the security his father had denied him. so while most of lee's contemporaries at west point left the army as soon as they had received their taxpayer provided college degree and could go into private engineering practice or some othe

and they were good buddies but i later forgot it all because we had a memorial service for tower at arlington, sam showed up. >> there are those who think there was a little of payback involved, that over the years tower had been a very bright guy. >> stiff collared, very bright, no small tower and he did have a problem. i'm not sure if it is as bad when it ended were started and all that, but i think that was the thing to convince the bush people -- i even wanted to bring tower into the senate, which you have a right to do, have him testify before the senators which is permitted under the rules and he declined. i thought he could put sam in the eye and make a difference. he apparently didn't think, dignity i guess, kind of begging. we could have done it. >> the 90 budget deal had to have been -- >> donald reagan? >> 90 -- year. donald reagan -- no, no. >> he wasn't meant the white house yet. >> nick brady, secretary of the treasury. it was bush going back on his word on the read my lips, gingrich shot down the first deal and there was a second deal which i heard described as worse than the f

but i later forgot it all because we had a memorial service for tower at the arlington and sam showed up. >> really. >> so it's -- >> there are those who think there was a little pay back involved, that over the years tower had been, you know, tower was a very bright guy. >> right. nice, stiff collar. he was very bright and no small talk with tower. he did have a problem. you know. i'm not sure if it was as bad as -- or when it ended or started or all that. but i think that was the thing that kind of convinced most of the bush people that, you know, i even wanted to bring tower into the senate, which you have a right to do, and have him testify before the senators, which was under the rules, and he declined. i thought he could look sam nutt in the eye and other people and, you know, make a difference. but apparently he didn't think -- the dignity i guess coming in and kind of begging for -- >> yeah. >> we could have done it. >> what about the '90s budget deal? that had to have been -- first of all -- >> the reagan -- >> no, '90 was, yeah. no, no. >> he wasn't in the white house yet. >

because we had a memorial service for tower at the arlington. sam showed up. >> there are those who think there was a little bit of payback involved. over the years, tower, you know he was a very bright guy. >> -- yeah, very bright. and no small talk with tower. and he did have a problem. you know, i'm not sure if it's bad as -- or when it ended or started or all that. >> yeah. >> but -- but, i think that that was the thing that kind of convinced most of the bush people that -- wanted to bring tower into the senate, which you have a right to do and have him testify before the senators. which is permitted under the rules. and he declined. because i thought he could look in the eye and other people and make a difference. but apparently didn't think. dignity i guess. any kind of begging for. >> yeah. >> we could have done it. >> ninety budget feel? that had to have been -- >> the don reagan. >> the ninety -- yeah don -- >> no. >> he wasn't at the white house yet. >> a yeah that's right. nick brady, secretary of treasury but basically it was bush go

i got it because of a service in arlington, sam showed up. >> there are those who think there's a little bit of payback involved. that over the years, tower was a very bright guy. >> yes, stiff color -- collar, british, very bright. no small -- small talk with our. he did have a problem. i'm not sure when it ended or started, all that. that was the thing that convince most bush people -- that i didn't want to bring power in as a senate, that you have the right to do. and have him testify before the senators, which is under the rules and he declined. i thought he could look sam in the eye and as a people and make a difference. apparently he didn't think of the dignity. kind of begging. we could have done it. >> what about the other deal? >> the don reagan? >> don reagan -- no, no. >> not yet. >> i guess it was nick brady, secretary of the treasury. basically was bush going back on his word. >> yeah, reagan left. >> i think they shot down the first deal, then there was a second deal which i have heard described as worse than the first deal. in terms of spending in control but, i mean, if t

later, learn about arlington cemetery's tomb of the unknown soldier. find more at c-span.org/history or consult your program guide. now, here's lectures in history. >> ladies and gentlemen, you're in for another special treat today, another world class presenter, walter hood. walter is the distinguished professor of landscape architecture at the university of california, berkeley. he was formerly the chair of that department. among the many distinctions and awards that walter has received, he is the prize macarthur fellowship genius award, that's hard to get it all in, that he received in 2019. walter has been acclaimed for design work for the united states and abroad. for us here in charleston, walter was selected to design exhibits for the festival over the years. i also had the great pleasure of working with walter through the institute on city design. in the 21 1/2 years of working on the international african american museum, he came to discover the history and location. the founding director of the national museum of african american history is w

the other kid says as president of the united states do you oversee arlington cemetery? that i do. as president do you have the power to arrange to get a plot there. he said yes, i do but you're only 10 years old, why are you thinking of death. the kid says when my parents find out they're going to kill me. >> i've got to go up the mountain where i'm going to be hosting that event and that will be fun, too. what i want to say and i don't want to overlook all the other accomplishments for the reagan administration and what the president did. for example, coming in and seeing the end of the iran hostage crisis when he took the oath of office, incredible. that shows just the power. and the answer was -- they understood the threat from reagan. i also don't want to underestimate the power of decontrolled oil. the limit of how long a gas line would be how long it took to drive through with one full tank of gas. and then of course the air-traffic controllers, i don't want to underestimate that. that was really powerful as well. some of you may know i think it was the air-traffic controlle

third says as president of the united states you oversee arlington cemetery. as president do you have enough power to arrange me to get a plot there? yes but you are about ten years ago. and because if i go home and tell my parents saved you, they are going kill me. next remarks around art laffer. art? >> thanks very much. that was great by the way. fun being with all of you. those on the panel, i wish i were there. i've got to up to the mountain tomorrow. up where i'm going to be doing hosting. i wish you were all there. what i want to say and i don't want to overlook all the other accomplishments of the reagan administration and what the president did. for example, coming in and seeing the end of the iran hostage crisis, the day, the moment he took the oath of office, incredible. that shows just the power. we had a joke before he took the oath of office was what's covered with sand and glows in the dark, and the answer was teheran and about 15 minutes after reagan takes off office. that was a joke. they understood the threat from reagan and released the host

in commemoration of the centennial of the burial of the world war i unknown soldier across town in arlington cemetery, only known to god. ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ >> c-spanshop.org is c-span's online store. browse through our latest collection of c-span products, apparel, books, home decor and accessories. there's something for every c-span fan, and every purchase helps support our non-profit operation. shop now or any time at c-spanshop.org. >> well, hello and welcome to this history happy hour on rose o'neal, socialite, successionests and spy. and as i start out this talk i want to begin with just a few questions. what motivates someone to risk everything for a cause? is it strong passions? is it a reckless nature, a longing for adventure or a desire for

. >> i think it was a front to all those who served in making that announcement in area 60 of arlington cemetery really reveals an astonishing misunderstanding of what it means to serve in our military and the fact that airmen and marines are going to be pitied and what they want is leaders who are dedicated to achieving an outcome and worthy of the sacrifices that they make in war it is worth pointing out september 11 is the anniversary of the taliban wanted for anybody who misted the taliban ran on television station in kabul in a blamed the united states for 9/11 for bringing the attacks on themselves and denied the fact that al-qaeda had any role. >> i thank you all for your answers, mr. chairman i believe my time is expired. >> the time has expired. i recognize joaquin castro of texas of the subcommittee on international development and organization in the corporate social impact. >> taking for your testimony in being here with us today deputy secretary, it is great to see you again we talked a few years ago about japan i have a question that is a little bit involved but i want to

and i think that making that announcement as he did in area 60 of arlington cemetery, reveals an astonishing misunderstanding of what it means to serve in our military, and the fact that soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines don't want to be pitied. they want leaders dedicated to achieving an outcome worthy of the sacrifices they make in war. it's worth pointing out, september 11th is exactly the anniversary the taliban wanted. for anybody who missed it, the taliban ran on all television stations in kabul a show called victoria force three, where it blamed the united states for 9/11, for bringing the attacks on themselves, and again denied the fact al qaeda had any role. >> i thank you all for your answers. mr. chairman, i believe my time has expired. >> gentleman's time has expired. i now recognize representative joaquin castro of texas, chairman of the subcommittee on international development, international organizations, and global corporate social impact for five minutes. >> thank you gentlemen for your testimony and for being here with us virtually today. secretary, deputy secretary a

affront to all those who served, and i think that making that announcement as he did in area 60 of arlington cemetery really, really reveals kind of a astonishing misunderstanding of what it means to serve in our military. and the fact that soldiers and marines don't want to be pitied, what they want is leaders for dedicated to achieving an outcome. that is where the of the sacrifices they make and more. i think it's worth pointing out that, you know, september 11th is exactly the anniversary of the taliban wanted for anybody who missed it. the taliban ran on all television stations in kabul a show called victoria force every where it blamed the united states for 9/11, bringing the attacks on themselves and again tonight effect that al-qaeda had any role. attacks on themselves and denied >> i thank you all for your answers and i believe my time has expired. >> your time has expired. i now recognize representative castro, for five minutes. >> thank you for your testimony and for being with us today. secretary armitage, we last saw each other at the mount fuji dialogue a few years ago. a quest