it was a failure of united states policy, which led to a failure of united states power. clear lethe united states had the naked power to destroy castro, but it could not ignore world opinion and use this power. it could not risk the repercussions that might follow the slaughter of cubans and the occupation of cuba by united states forces. could not risk the possible escalation to nuclear war. one alter negative that suggested itself was indirect intervention carried out secretly under cia supervision. the cia solution was a carefully controlled military operation. it ignored for the most part the underground inside cuba, which could not be controlled. left wing former castro supporters considered politically unreliable were shutoff from participation. no real effort was made to bring about an up rising of the cuban people. the divided and mercurial cuban exile leaders were felt to be undependable and all real control was taken out of their hands. the cia put its faith in the brigade. small, politically reliable, controlled by united states agents. an attempt was made to

it puts the united states in a bind. even if the united states do not partake in this operation as u.s. officials have tried to say overnight, even if the united states did not partake, does the united states have advance warning? does it benefit? israeli press reports say u.s. officials are satisfied with what the israelis have done. either way, it puts the united states in a very bad position in any perception of talks over iran's nuclear program. >> how is this being seen in iran? >> people basically believe this was carried out with u.s. support because all israeli acts of terror and sabotage have been carried out with support from u.s. military bases surrounding iran, u.s. embassies, sometimes other embassies. we also have a history where iea -- iaea have passed on intelligence to the israeli regime. whether biden himself knew it or not, there is the possibility the pentagon and the cia went behind his back, as with all repeatedly during the trump administration. whether biden knew or not, it does not make a differe

and the fact that the united states it never forget. that you know by this calling back on a foundation of ideological beliefs in the united states he said the russia russia lost the cold war and we've never forget and forgive and vladimir putin we're trying to rebuild russia in the aftermath if you want to understand what's going on in ukraine today you need to understand that united states and the decade investing in a gentleman named bourse yeltsin who were supposed to subordinate russia to all things western all things united states and this failed. just like the people who promoted this promoted the embrace of course yeltsin had to deal with the reality of latter mere putin under barack obama there was a real. well it wasn't a reset for vladimir putin it was a reset for dimitri. was prime minister he was already been viewed of we could push note of power and have russia rip current to the fold. and it's this didn't work so what's happening in ukraine is an extension of a policy that seeks to undermine glenarm or putin's russia by e

states but of business from other countries who cooperated with a country that the united states doesn't like for some reason is now under threat that is against western values just like the so-called magness is against western values because people can be you know their property can be taken away from them their right to travel kind of the limit that based on decisions not taken by the court but by decisions taken by bureaucrats you know by bureaucracy beijing is decisions or newspaper reports that's very concerning asked for they want to me a russian economy is remarkably stable we survive their coronavirus pandemic much better than doing that they despite some very bad predictions from there that they i don't like shoving throwing there but when i heard american predictions for example about iran losing millions of people and us american staying away from it i heard that in the early it went early 2000. when i thought that this wasn't just you know laurel and here we have. the house we should get back on topic though. dimitri the whole coronavirus handling of course is a very big issu

states or the alliance with united states. north korea is a concern but it's a different kettle of fish if you like to compare to china with china what we're seeing is an expansion of its military orbits political and claims over the south china sea which a graphical claims if you like expressed in military terms by the occupation and the construction of artificial island in the occupation off asylum with military assets and that's causing a direct concern to a lot of states within the asia pacific particularly countries in the around the south china sea south asian countries like vietnam in particular philippines and what's happening here is that they're trying to secure the few lines of communication for this is expressed in terms of the modernization and expansion of naval assets quite naturally so in order to secure these maritime waterways from scenarios in which they could be altercations with chinese national battle or naval and commercial in nature which could lead to an inadvertent escalation between partners so that

delegation sent to vienna is headed by robert malley who has said openly that the united states needs to resend the sanctions regional issues human rights and ballistic missiles off the table bring the original j.c.b. away back into force and then address these other issues but as i understand secretary of state lincoln national security advisor sullivan and some others are not so forthcoming so i think the u.s. 1st of all needs to put its own house in order to get a consistent and here and policy and then implement it and as you mentioned in the introduction the proximity or indirect talks that have started in vienna have this week moderated by the europeans on the very 1st day they have set up 2 technical working groups one on the reception of u.s. sanctions and one on the technical steps that iran would need to take to restart its compliance on the nuclear side so this at least is a good start the harmony one of the things i find interesting is that the news reports and i'm reading is that they're talking only about the agreement itself not the other periphery issues which again re

conflicting perceptions of russia in the united states as well. on the one hand the perception of russia, that it is week, a gas station masquerading as -- it should say country, by john mccain in 2014. a gas station, mitt romney paraphrasing in 2016, barack obama saying it is a regional power threatening its neighbors not out of strength but out of weakness. this was a particularly not well received statement by vladimir putin. on the other hand we have perception within the united states that russia is an exit stencil threat. the supreme commander of nato, in 2015, and the other statements we make, russia is rewriting the settlement using force. its colleagues in the military proclaiming russia as an exit stencil threat to the united states and most recently president biden when he was running for office last fall saying the biggest threat to america right now in terms of breaking up our security and alliances is russia. secondly the biggest competitor of china. but seeing russia as much more of appear power. and in 2021, 30 years after the coll

castro enlivens a debate in the united nations on cuban charges of aggression by the united states. meanwhile in moscow, an expert at fishing and troubled waters reels out the line of friendship to a group of news men in cuba. kruschev happily received a gift of the cuban flag as he lines up for a solid endorsement of fidel castro, the soviets' sole western hemisphere ally. ♪ narrator: castro marks the second anniversary of his revelation with the biggest military parade ever staged in cuba, featuring tanks and other heavy weapons from russia and red czechoslovakia. castro demanded the u.s. embassy drastically reduce its staff to 11 persons. it was the last straw and his long campaign of provocation and harassment. president eisenhower roque off relations with a message read by the press secretary. >> there is a limit by what the united states can endure. that limit has been reached. our friendship for the cuban people is not affected. it is my hope and my conviction that in the not too distant future, it will be possible for the historic friendship between us once again to find r

the united states talking the defense chief they're. going to his counterpart in ukraine nato is making statements here of course russia is acting in a provocative way which that's what they always say here i mean are we in the fog of politics at this point here what's going on and what's the is there any sense to the timing of what's going on here go ahead mark well i think there are so many issues which ukrainians bring still bubbling to the surface the local issues including with him we read in groups in your crighton so that the more radical nationalist groups see i mean tension with doma as a way of emphasizing will need to abolition with me or with national schools of just trying crackdowns when people are critical of the government policy about 6 some kind of compromise solution. and there are people in the west who. i think mistakenly think that it's important to expose the russian aggressive designs by raising the tension and perhaps or even some cynics who think that if there is a renewed conflict in the dome it will more broa

states -- here's a latin-american leader who stood up to the united states. he was more popular than ever with the cuban people and actually popular regionally. so the action in terms of foreign policy really backfired on the united states. and the exodus -- >> go ahead, sorry. >> -- yeah, and the exodus continued from cuba for many decades. >> another one of our social media followers has a question for you. if the cia had succeeded in cuba was there any guarantee it wouldn't have turned into a right wing dictatorship like other cia south american interventions? >> well, i'm a historian not a fortune teller, but i would speculate that's certainly a possibility because we saw that happening in other latin-american countries. over time these right wing dictatorships generally became more democratic. so who knows what would have happened. >> let's go to jason who's calling from san diego, california. jason, good morning. >> caller: yes, good morning. i would like to ask a question and maybe i can get some verification. is it true that when castro won the revolu

for the united states to prosper the neighbors must prosper. in the modern world recession and instability and crime abroad find ways to wash upon our shores. strong a stable economy will make us safer. we will benefit of countries can maintain or create economic social and political conditions favorable to an open society. we will benefit if individuals around the world can pursue their aspirations regardless of conditions of birth and if women truly have equal rights and opportunities to be included in the economy. we will benefit as people while retaining cultural differences, share core values of free speech, free exercise of religion and respect for diversity. of course stronger growth abroad leads to a stronger economy here at home. as the economies prosper the us exports of goods and services increased creating jobs when developing countries are economically successful , the growing populations and rising living standards meet a higher consumer base for the united states. in 1990, 40 percent of the exports were through the economy and in

despite predictions from the united states. i don't like shade denfraude. sami: we should get back on topic. the coronavirus is a big issue. let me ask this question. are we necessarily heading toward deterioration between the u.s. and russia in relations? you could look back to the 1980's and see the sort of stance ronald reagan took towards the then soviet union, it would have been described as a very tough stance but ultimately come limited -- ultimately culminated in warm relations with gorbachev. >> right now, we can't put anything the biden does at the beginning of his presidency on any kind of pedestal to show that he is different from anyone else and is going to have a markedly different u.s. foreign policy. because he hasn't had time to do anything serious when he came into power, he did everything that was easy, he signed back up in the paris accord, stated he wants to get the iran deal back on track, these are easy things to do. but when it comes to difficult issues like what to do with russia and the hybrid nature of warfare that we see happenin

going after my introduction right here listening to the president the united states we're in a great ideological struggle against autocracy here very much in tune with what we experienced during the cold war which i remember very well and it was an ideological struggle but is are we living in in 2021 in the ideological struggle on the on the world stage what's your take go ahead david. i think mostly in the fantasies of us propaganda i think the reality is more a struggle between plutocracy and oligarchies there's no democracy to be seen there's no nobody in the us public has had a right to vote on whether to have a great battle against the autocracies you know we've got. you know it's just not credible that there's a military threat out there so something is needed and here you know it's just yesterday you see a drone whistleblower pleading and facing 10 years in prison for telling the u.s. public what its government is doing in its with its military all over the world just yesterday also i see these reports huge numbers of people in california in prison for over 3 years without yet

states government 1795 the united states of america sends its delicates to me with representatives of every tribe who held lands in the maumee river valley they come together in greenville, and they signed the first treaty in american history that accurately deals with the native americans who actually owned and lived on this land every tribe does have a representative and the appropriate representative to sign and what this does end up doing though because they seeded their land is it does open up for those indian removal acts which you'll see really removes the native americans all the way out west which again opens up the united states for manifest destiny and the push even further west than what the original treaty line was. you can watch this and other programs on the history of communities across the country at c-span.org cities tour. this is american history tv only on c-span 3. american history tv on c-span 3 every weekend documenting america's story funding comes from these television companies and more including comcast. are you think this is just a community center? no, it'

and for a moment let's look at our country why should the united states care? >> thank you so much. and i want to thank everyone at georgetown and helping to bring us to together in a virtual space but in a very real community this morning. i want to build on what doctor shah was saying and comment on the deeply inequitable vaccine and vaccination efforts in the united states thus far. at a global level, it's not only a majority of the covid-19 vaccinations thus far have been distributed in wealthy countries that is actually more than 86 percent. well north of the majority. only.1 percent have been given in low income countries. the inequity is vast and in and of itself should be a moral calling for remedy. but we are continually reminded of how deeply interconnected we are especially when it comes to public health so it's in our best interest to follow the leadership of the rockefeller foundation and what they are looking to do with the imf. i strongly support the push from our elders very long time public servants from across the globe calling on the wto to waive intellectual prop

united states power. although the total blame was clearly not his. >>> week nights this month we're featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span3. tonight, an evening of programs on baseball, including historian david who talks about the 1919 world series fix by members of the chicago white sox which came to be known as the black sox scandal. he also goes in depth into how book and film portrayals shape public perceptions of what happened. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern, and enjoy american history tv every weekend on c-span3. ♪♪ ♪♪ >>> on april 17th, 1961, a group of about 1,500 cuban exiles supported by the cia landed on the southern coast of the island nation at the bay of pigs. their goal was to spearhead a popular uprising and overthrow the revolutionary government of fidel castro. within two days, the operation failed. on april 20th, 1961, president kennedy spoke before a meeting of the american society of newspaper editors in w

three army divisions united states army divisions. this would be close to probably about 60,000 men. we're in fact engaged in northern luzon fighting the japanese there on. victory over japan day. in mid-august 194 so was the return to the philippines necessary, probably not although there has been some argument about this. was it worth the cost. very high cost now when the war ended in the late summer of 1945 macarthur was chosen to host the allied or the japanese surrender ceremony on board the uss. missouri in tokyo bay and so here he is sitting down at the table signing the surrender documents at that time. and so the war ended i guess in certain glorious way for douglas macarthur nimitz was there. william f. halsey was there. lots of other people who are involved in the war in the pacific were there, but it was a macarthur who essentially chaired the ceremony. now after the surrender of japan macarthur became essentially the ruler as supreme allied commander of the occupation of japan and he would serve in this capacity. areas wi

of europe, united states and afghanistan alike. today we launch a transatlantic charter and will discuss the need for transatlantic cooperation in the afghan space. i'd like to take a moment to think our colleagues, rockefellers fund for partnering on the strategic dialogues and longtime advocate supporter of the afghan people and the afghanistan future. i want to give a special thanks nonresidents follows spearheading this incredible conversation that's culminated in the transatlantic charter that we will talk about today and the coming weeks. on our panel, we have cochairs in this dialogue, chairperson afghanistan rights commission, secretary albright, former secretary of state, united states and member of the atlantic council advisory board, former high representative for foreign affairs and security and the college bureau. my cochairs will go by, almost u.s. ambassador year israel and the un and the atlantic council. the conversation will begin with panel discussion moderated by my friend colin, one of the best journalists i kn

the united states was made by philosophy. that philosophy, the heart of which is the doctrine of the universal natural rights is always and directly pertinent to u.s. foreign policy. henry kissinger has argued that americans believes in our principles are universally true. he implies the governments based on other principles are less than legitimate. they are, as it were on permanent probation. our founding document, the declaration of independence, does not mince words. it says governments derive their just powers, they're just powers from the consent of the government. therefore, many of the world's governments do not have just powers. kissinger has also said acutely that on the one hand, americans frequently seem to regard foreign policy as an optional activity. on the other hand, the belief that american principles should be universal, the belief that justice would be served if all nations emulated our nation. this belief sometimes begets another belief. that u.s. foreign policy should have a missionary purpose of spreadi

is an epidemic of gun violence in the united states and putting forward executive actions intended to address that epidemic now the 1st proposal we heard from the white house was an effort to crack down on how guns are sold he referenced ghost guns which are guns that people manufacture by they they purchase kits to make them in their homes he talked about gun show loopholes and background checks furthermore joe biden discussed what he calls the red flag legislation that exists in a number of states where if a person is deemed to be a threat to themselves or to others they are temporarily deprived of their guns at this point biden has been facing a huge amount of pressure from gun control supporters due to the fact that there has been a surge in gun violence we saw last year there were over $20000.00 gun related deaths that took place and that is a 25 percent increase since 2019 that we've seen this surge of gun deaths other was recently an event where 5 people were killed in south carolina including 2 children and that was certainly not the 1st mass shooting that happened in 2021 let

and we have a better way to get the virus under control here in the united states and soon the united states will need to step up our work and rise to the occasion because again only by stopping it globally will we be safe for the long-term and we want to rise to the occasion by helping to bring to a close one of the deadliest pandemics in human history we can show the world what american leadership and ingenuity can do and let's make that story of the end of covid-19. we have ari taken important steps. on day number one we have rejoined the world health organization at being at the table pushing reform so that we can rapidly respond the next biological threat. congress recently provided more than $11 billion for the global covert response including an equitable access, providing aid to those impacted and helping them boost pandemic preparedness. it's built on a long tradition of american leadership in the united states is the largest donor including international efforts like the world health organization and for our own global health program to help bring the world to the cost of th

assured afghan politicians that the united states remains committed to their country the united states will remain in afghanistan steadfast partner we want the afghan people countries in the region and the international community to know that fact. it's also a very important message for the taliban to hear but with violence rising across afghanistan in the absence of a peace deal between the government and the taliban it is not clear what this commitment will look like for the 1st time in 20 years and so with foreign troops leaving afghanistan will have to defend itself a lot and many people are questioning whether it security forces can do that president said afghanistan's security forces are fully capable of defending the country ended its combat operations over 5 years ago and the afghan security forces conduct over 95 percent of all combat operations yet they still heavily rely on the u.s. airpower and are trained by nato troops when a few months will also be gone the taliban insists that the u.s. sticks to the may 1st deadline saying in a statement that if it doesn't problems will

or any part of the united states. narrator: in the guatemalan foothills, a mysterious deco where some of the rebels have been based. observers have said otherwise. professional soldiers are among the teachers and once trained, the men mysteriously disappear. guatemala has held no brief for the castro regime and has aided the rebels. ♪ >> in cuba, people have pushed back the invaders and 300,000 militia men have been mobilized. the invasion was successful in the early hours with fidel blaming the u.s. is it the first chink in his armor? narrator: we are back with nicholas dujmovic, director of the intelligence program at catholic university and he is here today to discuss the 60th anniversary of the bay of pigs invasion, which was the failed cia-backed effort to remove cuban leader fidel castro from power. good morning. nicholas: good morning. it is a pleasure to be with you on this auspicious anniversary. host: tell us what happened 60 years ago today on the southern coast of cuba. nicholas: let me talk about what i

joe biden, now president of the united states. hillary clinton, bob gates, leon panetta, mike mullen around the room and the president asked for final recommendations as to whether or not to go ahead and the room was split. and you know, we put it on our president, right, and i walked back to the oval office with him after the -- after the meeting and he had told the group that he would have this the next day, which would have been this morning, 10 years ago and i remember watching him walk back to the mansion from the west wing of the white house and really striking me, all of us that we put the tremendous decisions on the shoulders of one person and we had an e-mail, and the president wanted to be in the situation room, you look out at the tremendous vistas of washington and came in and said i've made the decision, it's a raid and i have gathered there with bill daley, chief of staff and john brennan then the counterterrorism director and would go on to be cia director and a chief of staff and made the decision, it's the raid. d

of florida to the united states. president carter's administration was left grappling with a cuban refugee crisis. in an 1997 interview, former deputy secretary of state, john bushnell recalled a meeting with president carter in which he and other key advisors discussed solutions to the cuban refugee problem. quoting here, i remember sitting in that windowless conference room of the national security council with the secretary of state, the chief of naval operations, the director of the c.i.a., the head of the coast guard, and the head of i.n.s., and several other senior officials debating how to stop this flow of cubans. the national security advisor chaired until president carter came in toward the end of the meeting, continuing to quote, there was a long discussion how the coast guard and navy ships might physically stop the cuban boats either from leaving the united states or returning back with the cubans on the boat lift. the navy and coast guard represented at this meeting by admirals were concerned, how do we

and that was coming to the united states. that fell apart very quickly though, for a number of reasons. for one thing, his b 26 was different than the b 26 is in castro's air force. and some enterprising journalists figure that out rather quickly, for example, he had his machine guns, castro's machine guns were under the warnings. that's part of why kennedy ended up canceling the air strikes on the 16th. once people realize this charade was not true, they realized something was not read about this and they started looking to the americans for answers as to what was going on. yes? >> in your opening remarks, you refer to the fact that kennedy was concerned about provoking the russians by his actions in the bay of pigs invasion. do you go into that in the book and what subsequently happened? four or five months later, the berlin wall went up and i am sure that was triggered by his weakness in the bay of pigs. eight months later, vietnam exploded. that's all in consequence. when they detected that he was what they determined to

between the united states and the united kingdom? >> that's a great question. certainly the iron curtain speech is the time he used it with greatest currency. he mentions in passing earlier in the year in 1945, but he really gives that term full weight in the speech here at westminster college. much of the speech about the iron curtain and the looming threat,, it's also about shared values between britain and america and the special relationship, the common language, common values of law, the magna carta, the declaration of independence are altogether and churchill realizes that these two great nations and churchill himself half american. his mother was from brooklyn, jenny jerome. he had a lifelong affinity for the united states and certainly appreciated and knew full well what america and americans did for world war ii. he was really looking to continue to bolster that relationship, that special relationship, a term we continue to use today. the term is one that churchill also knew that was something they needed at that time. the g

in the year 1898, the philippines became the territory of the united states. two years later, william howard taft became the first american civil governor. the philippines for the filipinos was his slogan, independence, the promise. what followed was 30 years of hard work and nationbuilding. the structure of a democratic and independent nation was fashioned step-by-step. the philippine commonwealth, the first great stride towards full nationhood, was inaugurated in 1935. the fiery filipino leader became its president. [explosions] five years away from its promised appointment with freedom, the philippine commonwealth was plunged into war. lost to the enemy after a brave but futile stand, general macarthur promised its eventual liberation. this was the price of liberation. on july 4, 1946, despite the devastation brought by war, the philippines became an independent nation. the president took the oath of office as its first president. the ambassador, then american commissioner in the philippines, declared the united states sovereignty over the philippines at an

for the united states. and suddenly you're completely right and as far as and the stand americans know that the ukraine would like those who would like to well do americans in a very awkward situation either you or you help us know they're talking about us bad nuclear weapons it's a made matter for the american or the united states but back to the ukrainians. i mean that some talk of a bit of a bit very position the fissionables completely irresponsible complete play sponsors not the top in protected by them came on the shelves of another fire last publicized phone call based on between the chiefs of staff of the russian and the american army and from what i heard from my sources it was a very polluted pro long and detailed discussion do you think there is any connection between these 2 you phone calls for of course it's their right to mention because they're american. and joint chiefs. chairman of the joint chiefs of staff here knows that it's not the 1st don't. we you're in your eyes and love and he knows

secretary of defense makes it probable that israel informed the united states the united states tacit approval because to take undertake such an action if israel was behind this attack to undertake undertaking the day before the u.s. secretary of defense arrives in israel would be quite risky if the americans were not informed of such a plan and i think in a way this this helps the united states this attack to explain during the negotiations that iranian regime through its proxies in iraq has been attacking american forces we see a number of attacks i think have been attacks recently and america has only recently. retaliated once saw that you argue regime has tried to use its proxies to pressure the americans in the nuclear talks then we saw recently that brought advanced centrifuges and that's another a pressure point which now it seems that they nor longer have it judging by the new york times report for being sent back by a number of months i think what is important to note is that there have been 2 attacks in the press that have been no attributed to israel in the last year both o

>> well, once they're inside the united states, it's very expensive management. at the beginning during the first few weeks, they're basically resettled by a voluntary agencies, which are nonprofits that have some government funding matched by private funding that provide the basic instance for the first few weeks or months. then they have case managers at the office of refugee resettlement. they don't necessarily have to check in with them, but the office of refugee resettlement can provide services up to five years and then they have to check in with u.s. citizenship and immigration services after about a year when they become eligible to get a green card and go through that process. >> we showed the numbers comparing what the trump administration wanted to do in 2021 with the biden administration's hopes. what was the impact of the refugee policy under -- what was it, and what was the impact of it under the trump administration? >> well, at the end of the obama administration, the last year they admitted about 85,000 refugees. and they had planned on a cap of

states but he was presented as an enemy it was more like the united states than the soviet union could cooperate against the bad guy look at the gene bomb and he said that's a classic although drama where there would always be a russian agent who would be the hook to bond and the cia people would be 'd wary of a new vision of him but they could always cooperate and again the real enemy. the relations between the countries began to deteriorate again in the eighty's after ronald reagan who had been actively anticommunist even when he was a hollywood actor became president of the. united states even legendary movie boxer rocky billboard played by sylvester stallone entered the fray by taking on the daunting doped up soviet fighter ivan drago and they. have to follow the capital with capital mobility that are both it's seen that on the test with. someone with a boy who sort of mr mason with the wife on the 2nd big will say this to say this because there's been you know people are just. not as numerous still to come there's. a mysterious. number just aren't suitable to. follow the policies

why should the united states care about this? >> thank you so much, melanne, and i really want to thank everyone at georgetown and february at oxfam for helping bring us together in virtual space but in a very real community this morning. i really, i want to build on what raj was saying and then kind of also kind of comment on our deeply inequitable vaccine and vaccination kind of efforts are in the united states thus far. at a global level as raj was saying it's not only a majority of the covid-19 vaccinations thus far have been distributed in wealthy countries. it's actually more than 86%. it's well north of just a bare majority. only .1% have been given in low income countries. so the inequity is fast and kind of in and of itself should be a moral callingts for remedy. but as raj saying we are continually reminded of a deeply interconnected we are especially when it comes to public health. so this print much is in our best interest to follow the leadership of the rockefeller foundation and kind of what they're working to do wi

states. >> ladies and gentlemen, please rise for the presentation of colors by the united states capitol police, the singing of the national anthem by eric sullivan of the united states air force and the retirement of the colors. ♪ o, say can you see by the dawn's early light what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight o'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming and the rocket's red glare the bombs bursting in air gave proof through the night that our flag was still there ♪ ♪ o, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ♪♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, please remain standing for the invocation delivered by the honorable manuel cleaver ii, representative from the fifth district of missouri. mr. cleaver: as we invoke god and his mercy, let us pray. gracious god, as we gather in this historic and hallowed hall, we first ask that you would cover patricia, the children, the grandchildren, the entire family and congressional team with your wondro

i want to state in closing that the united states investment in afghanistan over the past two decades made possible by you and your constituencies has been enormous and honorable. we have given blood and treasure to the efforts to stabilize and develop a society far from our own. not just because terrorists plant 9/11 there -- planned 9/11 there, but because we care about the plight of afghan women and girls, the fledging civil society that has grown powerful and independent, and about peace for millions of families there in cities and villages we now know well. afghanistan has been transformed. we want our investments as sacrifices to have been worthwhile and if we navigate the coming months appropriately, i believe this can happen. in the end however, it will be up to the afghans to seize the opportunities. our troops deserve to come home and afghanistan deserves a chance to find its own way forward. with help and encouragement from its friends led by the united states. thank you again and i look forward to your questions. >> thank you, ambassador. we start the round of five-minute

ups alone ships 6 million kilos of ppe to the united states. although we have caught up most certainly on that, there was an environment of extreme stress and shipping as well. cover also to other things going on, one was airport restrictions and what government things were happening and how they had an impact, but no question it played a role in slowing down the allocation of the central good that we needed. the second issue with his one not salt today is we are still navigating the health articles related to essential workers moving across borders to facilitate air cargo. the timing and conditions is precise, we are still operating in environment today of challenges and unpredictability because we don't have a common standard there. it is not often thought of as an important part of the supply chain, but it certainly is. the only think about the landscape that we can and can't change, from our perspective the concentrate and -- concentration of sourcing had a major impact on the successes of the supply chain and that can be changed. the expor

of big countries at once but people in the united states not so much disproportionately be. bill who identify as the democratic party blame russia for everything where those who think they're republicans blame china for everything works out well for the government cause they can blame both them for everything but people sort of you pick who your identity determines which foreign nation you hate but with with respect to rick one of the ways the military is this magician that bruce speaks of these with its budget and the pentagon budget that we all denounces be 10 times russia's military budget is only a chunk of u.s. military spending that the nukes are in a different department the homeland security is in a different department it adds up to one and a quarter trillion dollars a year in u.s. military spending which rushes to the incredible credit and praise of russia is you know far less than 10 percent of that and it is it is enormously to the credit of the russian government that it puts more money into things other then militarism it should put more as you put everything i

the united states would not go it alone. in the aftermath of the destruction the united states sent strong security alliances that have helped keep our country safe and helped our economies flourish. we created global institutions such as the united nations and financial institutions such as the international monetary fund and world bank to reduce the economic conflict and address global poverty. with strong u.s. leadership and working together with our allies we contained communism and created dynamic world economies and growing markets for u.s. exports. america's middle-class prospered, millions across the world were lifted out of poverty. but over the years new problems developed that were not properly addressed. in the push to grow our economies as we embrace new technologies we did not do enough to prepare our workers and our education systems for the changes underway. while we embrace to trade we neglected those that did not benefit. when we might have adopted policies at home to face these issues and joined with our a