there were two journalists, one was named joseph howard, this is howard here. in these two journalists had a plan. they wanted to make a lot of money. so this is the plan that they came up with. we are going to buy up go. we are then going to cause a public panic so that the american people lose confidence in the government, gold prices will skyrocket and then we will sell the go and we will make it -- we will make a mint. so joseph howard and the other journalist, the way they decided to do this was their going to write a bogus draft proclamation and sign it with abraham lincoln's name. and they say, abraham lincoln is calling for 400,000 men to be drafted. now remember, this is may of 1864, this is when the war is reaching a low point. public confidence is already low. if lincoln is going to call for these soldiers, it's going to make people lose heart. and so howard and the other journalists write this bogus proclamation. they go to the associated press, which was new back then. they go to the associated press at 4:00 in the morning and give them this bogus

one was a man named joe howard, jr., who was -- who covered the case for the boston globe. he was at the time the highest-paid correspondent in america. he traveled, it was said, with a blonde stenographer, and he devoted a great deal of attention to bringing his readers into the courtroom so that, so that people could follow along in the proceedings, not what actually happened while the court was in session, but also the sense of urgency that so many felt in their attempts to get into the courthouse. the fact that so many women were in the audience. the numbers of women steadily increased throughout the trial so that by the end, more than half were women. some even put the number higher. and he would scan the crowd for, you know, pretty faces as he was wont to do. and other celebrities of the day would receive mention. he turned minor court officials into characters so that the readers would have the, you know, the pleasure of reading about their -- the familiar, the familiar people and the pomposity of the sheriff or the eloquence of the lawyer. he even reported on the ac

but in 1967, howard hughes came into the state of nevada, and one of the effects of hughes in the state of nevada was that it legitimized gaming operations, and by 1974, harrah's had actually gone public on the stock exchange and that heralded the new era of gaming and throughout nevada and eventually, of course, throughout the united states. what we have here are things from our educational collection, which allows people to look at things, physically hold them, handle them like this. the purpose of the aga is to gather, protect, and present the history of gaming, and so this allows us to give demonstrations of various types of -- in this instance, things that are considered to be special work or cheating devices. and if you see, i take a magnet here, you have a dice cube. it's actually a mag dice, what they call magnetic dice. you can -- sometimes it works in an opposite direction. now, this is a magnetized roulette ball. it will stick to the magnet. this is an unprocessed dice cube out of the '20s. and this cube here is very interesting because it's what is called a tap die. this one

these are students at howard university in washington, d.c., a historically black university, they are protesting. what are they protesting? they are protesting in favor of a national anti-lynching law and that it be passed, which is very strange, since lynching is definitely murder. for people who may not be familiar -- edna: for people who are not familiar with lynching, they will have seen ropes hanging around the next of howard university students. it was mob violence where a person, an african-american person would be surrounded by a racist mob, hung up and lynched. i want to emphasize that the target is not just the victim directly of the murder but the entire community. these were crimes designed to intimidate and create an atmosphere of terror and fear. so, against this backdrop, i would like to turn to you, deneen, where we can focus on how this scene that lynn has described intersects with our history at the holocaust museum. how did racism impact black americans who joined the military as the u.s. entered the war. i know you have done reporting in this area. deneen: yes. aga

two years later, william howard taft became the first american, the philippines for the filipinos was his slogan, independence, the promise. what followed was 30 years of hard work and nationbuilding. when the structure of the democratic and independent nation was fashion step-by-step. the philippine commonwealth, the first great stride towards full nationhood, was inaugurated in 1935. the fiery filipino leader became its president. [explosions] five years away from its promised appointment with freedom, the philippine commonwealth was plunged into war. lost to the enemy after a brave but futile stand, general macarthur promised its eventual liberation. this was the price of liberation. on july 4 1946, despite the devastation brought by war, the philippines became an independent nation. the president took the oath of office as its first president. the ambassador, then american commissioner in the philippines, declared u.s. sovereignty over the philippines at an end. the raising of the philippine flag marked the birth of a free, independent nation. ♪ an asian nation conceived in the

[applause] howard lee was the first african american elected mayor in a majority white southern city. it's right so we sit down with mr. lee to talk about serving as the chapel hill's mayor and challenges he faced while in office. >> mayor why did you decide to run for mayor of chapel hill? >> what was probably more of an accident than it was a purpose i went to a friend of mine and asked if he could we consider running for mayor because i personally didn't think a black person had any prayer of being elected mayor of chapel hill. he didn't want me to do that he can persuade me to do it and he went to the local newspaper and told him that he had a scoop which is that i plan to run for mayor and that the newspaper without checking printed that story as front page headline. and that of course split the chapel hill committee following that i had pressure on both sides. a black person living in the south was told at the time, you would be right. and i thought well you know let's make it right. and then i thought i would run for mayor and that's how it all started. and i chose to run for m

when i was there, we celebrated the 50th anniversary of howard and howard was founded, as you know, right in the middle of a lot of unrest in communities, but with a real care recognition that cities are worth investing in and those people in the communities aren't worth investing in. and with everything that we've just dealt with during this pandemic, meaning equities that we've seen, in housing, in education, and this divide that we really feel now more than ever before because of remote learning. and job opportunities, different health outcomes, we need to fundamentally commitment to have an investment. i hope we see that from congress and from the administration. secondly, i hope that we are able to connect those policy dots and work across those lines a lot more than the federal government models that and that's then taken up at the state level and the local level. i would also say, it's my hope that this administration will lead the charge in sparking greater regional it -- regionalism because it forever going to tackle these problems, the way that we need to, it's going to require

and now, howard, to you. and capturing some of the themes that we've heard from your acllow panel participants here. moving people along with what a lisa called the vaccine acceptance continuum, which as l we know a lot of people have already moved. the ones who may be left in a ml month or so are going to be different from the people who already moved out of that movable middle. and the role in particular of primary care clinicians as the trustededmessengers, of those wo have the trust of the patients in the community. let's talk about your recommendations to the task force around primary care in particular. as we heard, not all doctors are always as informed as they should be. done at and they also can be susceptiblp to mixed messages. give us a sense of what needs tc be done at this point to sure continue t to reach out to the primary care community to make e sure they are well informed and also extremely well equipped to convey these messages that will help people move along that continuum that lisa descr

in 1933, he joined the scripps howard company, the newspaper enterprise association which was situated in cleveland, ohio. and then in 1946, right after the second world war, he joined "the washington post" where he spent the rest of his career. and he died about six weeks after his last cartoon appeared in "the washington post." his last cartoon appeared on august 26th, 2001, and he died just a week shy of his 92nd birthday in october. the library of congress has the herblock collection. we have about 14,460 of his editorial cartoons, but we have nearly all of the work he produced for "the washington post". he did give away cartoons to friends, but we have the majority of his output. so mr. block drew cartoons about presidents from hoover to the second george bush. and so you get to see how his career evolved, how his opinions changed. see how he drew particular presidents. obviously, i just brought out a selection of cartoons to give a sense of how he perceived different presidents and how his style evolved. the first cartoon we have is about herbert hoover who -- which was the first

gorilla experience looking at loyalist, adam downby's piece on loyalists in north carolina rebecca howard's piece on the arkansasans is to show that the war is something that you know that can recede and then re-emerge over the life trajectory. and i think that that's, you know, incredibly important for us to understand that the war again and this gets back to my point about the the dailiness of the it's not as though the war consumes every day. it's not as though everything is about civil war memory, but it's this constant presence right that annexes their lives and that that moves up in importance and in this foregrounded in in their daily experience. is it different moments and at different times what's up to the end? and then oh, sorry have a did you want to say something? oh, no, i'm just gonna build on that a little bit what brian says somebody other contributors that we haven't mentioned so far get in the get into this well and i mean, jonathan noel says essay for instance about the memory of one particular battle, which is a nice kind of complement to stephen sodogren's broader disc

the man he chose was his friend william howard taft. that was the choice he would live to regret. she shortly before leaving office, you are provided insight into his future plans in a rather poignant letter to his daughter, in which he wrote, every now and then people come to me, tell me that our countrymen faced the problem of what it will do with its ex presidents. and i always answer them that there will be one ex president about when they need not give themselves the slightest concern. for he will do for himself, without any outside assistance. and i add that they need waste no sympathy on me. i've had the best time of any man of my age in all the world. i have enjoyed my stay at the white house. nor have i known any other to enjoy -- i will enjoy myself thoroughly when i leave the white house. as it turned out, roosevelt did not accomplish any particularly great achievements after all. though not for lack of effort. it suddenly became apparent that tiara was restless in retirement. after all, there were so many elephants to kill and it became increasingly disappointing, perc

so the major chain hotels the sheridan howard johnson's the hilton are open to african-american and because they can stay at those places. they do stay at those places. so the question i have is does this story end? or does it remain an issue in america? and this is philando castile who was murdered in his automobile by a minnesota police officer in 2016 in falcon heights, minnesota and the officer was acquitted of manslaughter. because he was simply he said he was afraid of philando castile simply because of the color of his skin. this is a cartoon by stuart carlson. who is the former editorial cartoonist for the milwaukee? journal central a sentinel and it's funny, but it's also it's also not funny. so i guess i guess the question is. are we still in this place? has this story ended or does it continue? and how do we how do we address the problem that we have now with african-american and the automobile? the green book goes out of business and the black hotels the irony is the black hotels gradually lose their clientele and the large chain hotels flourish. but the black hotels go out of b

and now, howard haft, to you. and capturing some of the themes that we've heard from your fellow panel participants here, moving people along with what lisa called the vaccine acceptance continuum, which as we know, a lot of people have already moved. the ones who may be left in a month or so are going to be different than those who have moved already out of that moveable middle that sree referenced. and the role in particular of primary care clinicians as the trusted messengers, as those who already have the trust of their patients and others in the community. let's talk a bit about, from your perspective, about recommendations to the task force around primary care in particular. now, as we heard, not all doctors are always as informed as they should be. and they also can be susceptible to some mixed messages. give us a sense of what needs to be done at this point to continue to reach out to the primary care community, to make sure that they are well-informed and also extremely well-equipped to convey these messa

andrew johnson sent general oh howard, the first head of friedman's bureau, the bureau of the civil war, -- hero of the civil war. two of those black people living on those georgia sea islands, to tell them that they had to give the land back to the former masters who had enslaved them. that is horrible. that was a horrible thing. they never had a chance to own land. never. i think by 1900 20% of the african americans in the south and some kind of land. that was not enough to create a middle class that would have sufficient economic -- to make a real difference. but without the ballot, those economic rights could not be protected. so in the debate between conte and madeleine in terms of specifically black americans in the civil war the most important thing that could have happened changed the fate, interracial democracy in america was protecting the black men's right to vote. and only men could vote. of course that's why i said black man. the people who are trying to rollback the civil war understood that that was the vulnerable point. if we could take the right to vote by intimidating

i went to the virginia historical society princeton university's rare book manuscript division the howard gottlieb library of austin university the harry ransom center, which is where this picture is from. it's a picture of blair and a prisoner on devil's island. i love the shadow in the background that looks like he's gonna kill her or something, but it was from the harry ransom center, which is at the university of texas and also the wildlife conservation society, which is at the bronx zoo. so i discovered that that's an expedition took a toll on her marriage and when they returned to the united states, she and her husband she actually kind of arranged to to have a she arranged to have their new home be next to this guy that she really liked. and then she had an affair with them. and then she traveled to reno to get a divorce and once she had that divorce. she was free to travel and do the things that she wanted to do, which was not pheasants and wasn't asia. it was latin america. and so i was reading about her and then i discovered that. in 1925 she met with a friend who was margaret h

her name was alice howard. >> thank you. doug >> don't waffle on waffles. he waffled in a good way as a president. >> simple question. do you know if daisy honor and mrs. nested ever met? that is one question and secondly, i haven't read your book yet, but mrs. next bits dismissal was, i believe, by the next administration -- can you expand on that? >> yes great story. i do not know they actually met. i just did not find a record of that. i just don't know. but to the second one, it was over something really silly. the first lady, mrs. truman wanted a stick of butter. mrs.-ness bit refused to give it to her. it's really interesting. and they had a few tassels before that but i think that was the final blow. she was not a short time after that. big and that's a great question because after that alonso fields, which was his longtime butler became a treaty. there was another guy named charles. he was the major the. butler feels starts to get prominent in the white house and eventually he becomes the majority later. you would think if the first lady wants somet

so when general eisenhower and he became generalized in howard became the supreme allied commander during the the war in europe, what were his responsibilities in this role and his approach to them? well, actually dwight eisenhower's the strategic leader. he was a supreme commander and his job was to reconcile all the factors involved in any military operation. and of course when he has given that appointment he has been given the appointment for operation overlord, which is what we often called d-day his job was to rationalize the the strategic objectives with logistics with the use of forces with the politics with everything that goes into making a successful operation. this is this is actually one of my favorite pictures of ike during the war. he's actually here talking to the 101st airborne division literally within an hour they are going to take off for the coast of normandy in what is one of the most ambitious and certainly the largest amphibious landing in military history. this is one of the largest operations ever and and so um, you know, there were a lot of factors there includi

my new hero is william howard taft and i wrote a biography arguing he is our most judicial president and presidential chief justice. taft yearned to be chief and took the presidency with the greatest reluctance and fought the election of 1912 on the principle of defending the constitution against the populist demagoguery of roosevelt and woodrow wilson. theodore roosevelt insisted the president can do anything the constitution didn't explicitly for bed, unlike taft who said the president could do only what the constitution explicitly allowed. taft was our last madisonian president, a position informed by his judicial background. he served on the sixth circuit and pine to be on the supreme court, a dream he eventually achieved and became one of our greatest chiefs since john marshall. after taft and roosevelt split, taft was moved to run for reelection with the greatest reluctance in order to defend the constitution against roosevelt's new populist incursions. roosevelt endorsed new progressive mechanisms like the popular initiative, the referendum, and the judicial recall of unpopula

house collection on the thomas was a washington dc local and was also the first fine arts graduate of howard university in 1924. thomas spent most of her life teaching art in dc public schools, and it was actually not until her retirement in the 1960s that thomas became a well known painter at which point she was in her 70s, which i think is amazing. thomas was a part of the washington dc color school a group of abstract expressionist known for their work with colorful shapes and on the next slide. we'll see her 1966 work resurrection. it hangs in the family dining room in this photograph and it came to the white house during the obama administration and honor of black history month next slide. and now i'd like to talk about a fascinating woman sculptor who's featured in the white house collection named adelaide johnson. now johnson has a very interesting back story. she was born in illinois in 1859 and she trained as an artist and a woodworker at the saint louis school of design. as a young woman. she moved to chicago to further her education at the chicago school of art, but she lost the m

usda decided, determined the trees must be destroyed and on the 20th of january, president william howard taft reluctantly gave the order to burn the trees that his wife had just helped acquire. a second, more generous donation and larger group of tries arrived in march. with the first two trees planted by first lady taft. those are the trees we know. and now, for the rest of the story. it has long been assumed that none of the cherry trees from the 1910 shipment survived destruction. that's simply not true. as we heard earlier, one of them is here, on the library grounds on the southeast corner, i think it is. and the rest of them, under recently recovered evidence suggests that a small group of 24 of them were taken, under close observation, by government entomologists. and approximately 18 of the 24 survived. they are very, very old cherry trees. they are located on land now occupied by the east potomac golf course. they are not only some of the oldest but largester cherry trees in washington, d.c. but they also have survived more than twice their expected-maximum age. and they really

bay of pigs invasion, which was the failed cia-backed effort to remove cuban leader fidel castro ron howard. good morning. nicholas:. it is a pleasure to be with you on this auspicious anniversary. host: tell us what happened 60 years ago today on the southern coast of cuba. nicholas: let me talk about what it was intended to do and what happened. the bay of pigs operation was a melt -- a well-meaning but overly mismanaged attempt on the part of the u.s. government to oust the cuban government of fidel castro and liberate humans -- cubans from communism. it turned out to be a disaster. what was intended was a at the obvious invasion -- and -- an amphibious invasion. who would come ashore on the southern course -- coast of cuba on a remote place called the bay of pigs where they would establish a beachhead and hold that beachhead and that would attract dissidents to that regime, defectors to the cuban military, it would spark a general uprising it was believed among the cuban people that would sweep away fidel castro from our -- from power, they would declare a provisional government that wo

1901 after he had dealt chabilly with a close friend of the president the future president william howard taft who was a civilian governor in the philippines. he did have other commands, but he expected to become chief of staff the united states army, but never did receive that appointment and when he died in 1912, he died with an element of bitterness. so father of douglas macarthur is an important figure in his life. douglas macarthur entered west point in 189 here he is as a cadet. he graduated at the top of his class with some of the highest marks ever received there. only a couple of people actually did better one was robert e lee. he was a dashing figure tall trim and handsome. his mother nicknamed pinky followed him there to manage her son's social life and see that he excelled. and she stayed with him ultimately until her death in 1936. so she was very formidable person. and keep played certainly. there's no question as we'll see a key role in his life helping to shape his personality. after west point after he graduated he joined his father briefly in asia, but returned to washin

oh, i'm sorry howard lentner. i'd like to ask you if you'd give some detail on i think it was your second major point you said in your book that is to say you said that that the agreement that cadafi made with the united states really contributed to eroding his power and and creating this the situation in libya and maybe by an example. could you tell us what you mean by that? i mean what how exactly did that work? and then and then i wonder if you'd just evaluate that in terms of whether you think that that technique of making an agreement with a tyrant. it might be useful in other situations. that it would that same kind of mechanism would be able to to work to erode his power. oh, yeah. well, you know, i think that you know, there was tremendous amount of disagreement discord in washington about what you know the terms of these of these essentially multiple agreements with with qaddafi and one of the arguments that i that i heard from several senior officials, was that look any any light into the into that darkn

the incoming president, william howard taft, had previously been governor of the philippines, which the united states had acquired as a result of the spanish-american war in 1888. during taft's service there, which he described as some of the happiest and most productive times of his life, he and helen taft, the first lady, had been to japan to see the cherry blossoms. so scidmore reached out to the first lady, who remember the wonderful cherry blossoms from her own time in japan, and eagerly joined the cause. so the first lady's interest and influence proved to be the catalyst scidmore and fairchild had needed, and after inspecting the proposed location herself, helen taft wrote to scidmore on april 7, 1909, and she said, "i have taken the matter up and promised the trees." taft her own ideas for developing the park, too, and she continued, quote, "i thought, perhaps, it would be best to make an avenue of them extending down to the turn in the road, as the other part is still too rough to do any planting." the trees would fit in nicely with her plan to develop areas of east potomac par

he earned his ba from howard university and his phd from yale university. so welcome chris. it's great to have you here. congratulations on your book. thank you. it's always nice to see it and somebody wants to show hard copy old school. hopefully we'll get paper before too long. let's see. that's right. let's push that yeah, so, you know assuming that not everyone who is here has had a chance to read your book yet. could you just start by giving us a kind of an overview of what is this book about and what are the main arguments or themes that you touch on here? yeah, so i would say that the the book is about, you know as a title suggests black politics in the ways that black activists engaged with the concept of citizenship. and so, you know one way i like to to think about getting into the the project is is through you know, the story that i used to to begin the book. it's it's the story of a conflict over colonization. there's this movement among a significant number of prominent white americans to try to forcibly and and through legislation remove free black people from

according to the constitution, and there are copies of the howard stands that they are giving away, you will read that each state shall select the electors. and it doesn't say how. they get the truth, the legislation and states get to choose how the elections are chosen. into late as the 18 twenties, owes the state legislators chose the electors, not voters in the state. and in that era, americans expected their president to stand above them. no one wanted george washington to be just one of the gang. this is why washington could get away with, giving that reaction to governor morris. because it really served his purposes to be this one who held himself apart from everybody else, because that's what americans wanted. and the idea that the presidency, when he became president, the presidency was a serious undertaking. and the idea that your president should have a sense of humor and laugh. especially in any kind of public setting. this, this just clashed with the idea that politics is a serious building. governing this country is a serious business. and so, he was really hard-pressed to

howard markle at the university of michigan suggested to me that there may be a fourth wave that happens in that winter of 1990 -- 1920, or it's a seasonable seasonal flu. one of the questions will get to his what happened to the fluent spanish we? while it's still around, the descendants of many of our seasonal flu today are descendants of that fires from 1990, and 1918, and what happens is it shifts again as it did in the fall of 19 or 18, and so get becomes less deadly and less infectious and it peters out but it doesn't disappear and it continues to be part of the influenza world, so to speak. >>. >> okay. next question. how did the news report about the 1918 - 19 influenza? how different was it then that now? >> i think nancy already gave one of the best examples, which is, again, that spain did some wonderful journalism. and that's incredibly important, as [inaudible] can attest, the importance of good journalism in the world. and they wanted to get that information out there. and spain, i think it was part of the royal family that had come down with eight, and they felt it was imp

howard markle suggested to me that it could be a fourth wave or it's the first wave of seasonal flu. one of the questions is, whatever happened to the spanish flu. it's still around, the descendants, many of our seasonal flus today are descendants of that virus from 1918. it shifts, as it did in the fall of 1918, it does it again, it becomes less deadly, less infectious, and peters out, but it doesn't appear, it continues to be a part of the influenza world, so to speak. >> okay. next question. how did the news report about the 1918-'19 influenza, how different was it then than now? >> i think nancy already gave one of the best examples, which is, again, that spain did some wonderful journalism, and that's incredibly important, we can attest the importance of good journalism in the world. and they wanted to get that information out there. in spain, i think it was part of the royal family that had come down with it and they felt it was imperative, that it was kind of their moral responsibility to let the rest of the world know that this thing was occurring. and that is not necessarily

. >> hello, i'm from howard university. i've been doing work on montpelier and also monticello. i've never been in james monroe's plantation. but i ask myself -- and i think it is commendable what you are doing. i think that we can see the transformation that is going on in these two different sites. but i think that jennifer, she touched a point that i think is important on how much these communities that you call descendants, they are engaged in what is being done. then i have the impression that montpelier you are doing something different with this new exhibition. i recall when i was there the last time, the cabins were not yet reconstructed that i think now they are. during the visit to the mansion, there was some work to be done with that. and i asked myself, what is being done, because the impression that i have in these spaces is that a visitor, most of them, i think that they are white visitors. there is a minority of african-americans who go there. and you can ask why, why african-americans they are also not hired to be interpreters, because they don't want to have a r