valley california. she's been listed on the thinkers 50 ranking and in 2019 was recognized as the top leadership thinker in the world. we're grateful that you're with us. miss wiseman, you are now recognized for five minutes. >> chairman kilmer and vice chair timmons and members of the committee. thank you for this opportunity to share a few ideas. i've been asked to share a few of the best practices of what leaders in the business world in the nonprofit world due to build an environment where work is productive, where people are empowered, where people are deeply engaged and where people find work fulfilling. and i want to start by sharing a few principles that i think underlie some of those practices and these are these are truths that i've learned, studying some of the best leaders and their organizations in the world as well as studying some of the worst. and what we find is that even in organizations that are deeply hierarchical where there are very clear reporting lines and rules, the best leaders

the ceo of the wisemen group of leadership and development firm headquarters in silicon valley listed on the thinkers 50 ranking and was recognized with the top leadership thinker in the world we are grateful you are here with us and you are recognized for five minutes. >> members of the committee thank you for this opportunity. i have been asked to share a few of the best practices of what leaders in the nonprofit world due to build and environment where work is productive and people are empowered and deeply engaged and where people find work for selling and i want to start by sharing a few principles that undermine those practices. these are truths that i have learned studying some of the best leaders and organizations in the world and studying the worst. so what we find is even an organization that is deeply hierarchical with very clear reporting lines and rules the best leaders don't leaders authority. and where peopleh hold themselves to the highest standard. very clearly the through influence those in all types of job and they all come to work when hetr to contribute. it's like

we y hear from corporate leaders are investors in silicon valley that the antiregulation push to do that regulation will slow down innovation and get inw the way of the progress that we need. we want you to understand that anti-regulation pushed as a rejection of democracy. to rejection of the role of our political -- the technology that we selected as a society to help us referee the critical values that exist. you are right to say and our democracyha isn't up to the task not only because of of technical knowledge that you pointed to put because of theno institutiol huge -- features that have made our very difficult and so cheveryone's reasonable expectation about what's like you to come out is crowned -- of congress the best prediction you could make in this current system at the moment. questions about content moderation the communications act but one of the places that we start and this is excerpted in the piece in the atlantic which was published a couple of days ago is can we find a set of areas for legislative action were democracy can do what it's a best at which is achieve conse

i think silicon valley does a version where they effectively censor orhe moderate content the woke movement doesn't want to see online, but they don't do it for free because they are unspoken ask is that the new left look the other way when it comes to leading their monopoly power intact and again i think that trade is working. whatever you think of the merits of whether or not the monopoly power is good or bad, it's a trade that's working masterfully for both sides and one of the goals is the book is to shine some ligh on the reality so consumers and citizens can at least make their own judgment about whether it's a good or bad thing and people can come to their own conclusion but step one is to see the phenomenon itself with clear eyes and that's part of what i s try to o the book. >> example of state street and goldman that we've been talking about with a sense that companies are deeply cynical, using progressive agenda to further their own goals and perhaps to create more profit. what about stakeholder capitalism more generally? can someone, can a ceo or a board constantly embrace stake

ition arrested in silicon valley up and down the peninsula so a lot of things are different. but you're arguing that there's something central to the relationship with china that is not that different from the relationship with the struggle the conflict with soviet union is that cent? >> absolutely. you can see this in jamie and wills superb essays this is a competition that also requires, you know, a high degree of clarity so, i mean, the phrase that comes to mind if i could paraphrase from reagan speech is chairman xi teared down that firewall. or we should do our best to get around it and this is what jamie does for us every day is it to reach a press people, peoples who are not permitted to access a wide range of sources of information. so that they have an opportunity to think differently to have and as will said or jamie said early that authoritarians are touchy they are sensitives, and you see this with -- you see this with the china communist party. i think there's a tremendous opportunity for us to use the kind of clarity of the berlin speech to compete much more eff

valley elite, the wealthy and subsidize poor and things will have the upper middle and middle middle and lower middle class and that was inconceivable in 20 years and i think it will be the majority of the country so i am cautiously optimistic. >> that's good, i am feeling better already. [laughter] you talk about in the book rural residents are a labor of inferior rank but then we got the middle class and millions of americans are becoming a new version with debt and declining wages, a new version of peasantry. >> it's a funny work, it's latin for rustic which doesn't exist in classical latin vocabulary and the same thing in greek, there is no work for president. i don't think there's a word for parentri peasant we don't call people presence unless it's a cultural term, aquarians and small small farmers, it's a foreign experience because we have a viable middle-class show is to protect the property of the middle class. this idea comes near going to plan and pass it on to our children, it takes a long time to grow an investment we want that property and out of outcomes of mozilla rew

chance that there is going to be a recalibration for the democratic left hand at the of e party of the silicon valley elite and very subsidized poor for the upper middle and lower middle classes and that was inconceivable so i am cautiously optimistic. >> let's start with peasantry because you talked in the book about a subservient role resident and labor of inferior rank and millions are becoming a new version. >> that is a funny word. it doesn't exist in the classical vocabulary there's no word and the same is true in greek but there is no word for peasant. i don't think there's been a word in the american lexicon that we don't call people peasants. there is an agrarian, three holding so if that is a foreign experience because we had a viable middle-class so it starts to protect the property of the middle class. there is no citizenship between 2700 bc so then we want to pass it onto our children and they take a long time to grow and investment and we want that property protected and out of that comes these auxiliary rights. this is what jefferson always said the same thing that this country

better can't happen unless we have a massive increase in the supply of critical tech minerals like silicone, copper and lithium. but china controls most of them. does he agree with me that the success of our green industrial revolution hinges on -- [inaudible] silling con valley and free of the e.u. what fiscal incentives can he now provide to make -- [inaudible] >> prime minister. >> i thank my honorable friend for that. as you know, there are some very, very interesting and potentially very lucrative the sources of minerals such as lithium in the country whose exploration, discovery and reuse we are encouraging. secondly on the tax point, as he rightly raises, we're going to use three points to insure that we support them as hubs for the processing of those critical minerals here in the u.k. >> [inaudible] >> thank you, mr. speaker. in 2014 my constituent's 3-year-old son was killed by an unsafe trailer. every year -- [inaudible] and now government is abolishing that test. unleashing thousands of untrained, untested, unsafe drivers onto our roads. why is the government with breaking its p

scott is also mike's podcast partner for the silicon valley insider weekly overview of silicon valley tech industry scott holds a degree in political science and ucla. welcome mike and scott but we're so looking forward to your conversation, take it away. >> thank you so much. welcome everyone, and michael welcome to you. it's great to be here. >> it's great to talk to you, this time i get to ask you the questions. >> and folks, please let us be a little informal. scott and i are not really capable of anything else. [laughter] this is an honor to be here for many reasons. mike, you know i'm a big fan of yours. as a tech reporter i've been standing on your shoulders for years. in some of the earliest stories i did as a silicon valley reporter were at sea hm and you have allowed me to do many there and geek out. individually to see the exhibits. always appreciate it it's an honor to be associated with that. >> if i can add, i am deeply honored. i've done many things at the museum over the years. i go back safari member would gordon glenn bell made the decision to move to silicon valley

you really see the attitude representing a trent in silicon valley. living in a world where it is normal. new technology companies could create harmful effects. so, i want to ask may be a little bit more of a critical question. to what extent has safford university, you have a long history and a lot of experience in working with students, to what extent have they actively and successfully created the very culture where disruption is admired. giving access to the company but also inviting ceos and other tech executives and to teach. i would love to hear a bit of a reflection from each of you on how stanford plays a role in that typical disruptive ecosystem. starting with rob and shooting for this question with jeremy. >> absolutely. a significant responsibility for some of the problems we see a big tech and for that cultural orientation to aspire. looking for ways to code in your pajamas and roll your product out quickly and see what happens throw spaghetti on the wall and figure out any problems downstream. personally, i have seen in teaching generati

i think companies in silicon valley that revive their business plan is also leaving their customers and contributors are going to fail. >> yeah, if that's how they approach it, then they're going to make themselves superfluous. in fact, they seem to anticipate that. if you proceed in business on the assumption that your job is to make your own customers superfluous, , you're going to n out of things to do it that your business model, aren't you? >> i think it's quite absurd. i'm even contrary enough to not believe that -- i think technology is continuing to advance at a tremendous pace, but it don't think it's advancing any more rapidly than it did at the time of the industrial revolution. i think that nobel laureate economist william nor house -- nor house did a study of the advance of writing. this is the invention, creation of light, the amount of lumens you need to light a room at night. and he shows that the advance in lighting has been a hundred thousand times more rapid than is measured in the economic models. essentially, economists while they are writing about them satanic mill

scott is mike's podcast partner for the silicon valley insider, a weekly overview of silicon valley in the tech industry. he holds a degree in political science from ucla. welcome mike and scott, we are looking forward to your conversation. take away. >> thank you so much. welcome to everyone. michael, welcome to you. it's great to talk to you and this time i get to ask you a question. please allow us to be informal, we are fully i capable of anythg else. [laughter] >> this is an honor to be here for many reasons. i am a big fan of yours and as a tech reporter, i've been standing on your shoulders for years but also computer history museum, some of the earliest stories i did as a silicon valley reporter were at hm and you have allowed me to host programming there to do many interviews and geek out both individually and children to be the exhibits and i always appreciated that. it's an honor to be associated with that. >> if i can add, i am deeply honored, i've done many things over the years, i go back so far, i remember when gordon and bell were making the decision to move to silicon

it's played a critical role in bridging the ecosystem that is silicon valley and it wrote this period of tremendousf tech optimism and we saw that reflected in every aspect of the campus. about riding that wave of optimism and backlash, we now face exactly that dynamic playing out on campus. a lack of trust in the tech companies and the concern among the individuals and the majors about whether they want to be associated with these societal harms. so it puts us in the position of educators on campus where we have to think and dig deep with our students around the questions of how do we amplify the benefits of technology while also mitigating these evidence harms. so the book itself calls for this kind of nuanced adult pragmatic conversation that's not a tech optimism and that's not a tech to pessimism, but recognizes that technology itself isn't neutral and involves trade-offs. it generates benefit alongside of the challenge collectively to think about how to weigh those things. >> but often i would say on this point, while we can focus on stanford and think about its potential role a

valley to revise their business plan and contributors as well. >> yes, that is how they approach it and then they are going to make themselves superfluous. they seem to anticipate that. so if you proceed in business on the assumption, you're going to run out of things to do if that is your business model. >> yes, i think it's quite absurd.hi inc think technology is continug to advance in the tremendous place. i don't bank that it's advancing any more rapidly than at the time of the industrial revolution. and i think that there was an economist named lord house, he did the study of the advance and there is now part of this. [inaudible] these mills, all of these different mills and the different energies and whether it is electricity and allll of that and that includes by the amount of time that a worker had suspended to eliminate it. and that includes the industrial revolution as well. >> that's fascinating in its measured by the number of hours that it takes a look at things to earn to approach it, the goods and services that sustain life and this continues to be a golden age and te

silicon batteries so no silicon is come back to silicon valley but is there v product going to work? i don't know but it's possible that batteries can now get on the freight train in not the semi conductors. i think batteries are going to be crucial and whoever has the great breakthrough, you know i had lunch a while back with frederico and i said what's the greatest invention in valley history? is it the tryout -- triode or the transistor? is it the integrated circuit? visit you and your team with the microprocessor and he said no, i think the one true moment of genius in that whole history to play in our process. he said everything else that wee all do you could see it coming. you are extrapolating from where we are now to what we could do in the future but he says the idea of taking the transistor and laying it flat and the printing process and being able to scale it down 10 nanometers with the planar process that was not an active engineering. he said that was an act of artistic creation and he said everything else pales next to that moment when they came up with that so i though

it is embedded in the structure of the capitol industry driving the growth of silicon valley and face companies that prioritize the scale before we even understand anything about the impacts of technology in society. it reflects the path paved to market dominance by market in retreat from exercising oversight. so stanford has an important role to a play and there are individuals who may look inside it didn't pay attention to the consequences of the moment of tremendous optimism. the bottom line is there are systemic challenges that need addressed stanford needs to be at the center of addressing those challenges but stanford can't do alone. >> thanks, that makes a lot of sense and i recognize even if i've only been at stanford about two years, the change in the questions people are asking, the awareness after january 6 storming of the u.s.g capitol after disinformation around covid, people really thought problems are not just in other communities, they can truly hit home. the harms are real, not virtual so too say that we see how hard it is for students to find jobs outside of the big

a flat university society in silicon valley, binary symbols which can play games better than us. there are black and gray, white and gray stones and the stones are symbols and they don't show beyond the board. if you have a computer, they can move billions of times faster than a human can. obviously they can play better than a human. >> i think you're saying a man is going to be superseded by a threshing machine. a man with a single side of that doesn't mean the machine is more sophisticated than the man. >> that's right. >> you say early on in the book and you repeated in a few places that you have two basic claims notion of sort of supremacy of artificial intelligence and both don and self defeating. i find it reassuring to learn from you and your book and other sources that the human mind is more complex and maybe the entire world internet system,ur that is reassuring. i'm glad to know maybe there's evidence but my mind is more than just a meat machine with electronics pulsing threat. so maybe it is done but the trouble is, could this view of artificial intelligence rise to a

and, you know, the programming, the counter cultural attitude of the early age of silicon valley, well, those programming data have now become the goliath and the pandemic has actually reinforced this for me at least, which is we're already aware of the some of the problems of big tech 18 months ago, but now our lives have become even more enmeshed in the decisions made by a very small number of people inside a very small number of tech companies. we're dependent on ways that we first, even 18 months dependent upon a small number of platforms through our work lives. through our private lives, for our educational lives and the power that's vested in a tiny number of people in silicon valley amounts to private governance and that's not serving us as citizens very well at all. >> from a technologist point of view, how we actually think about the systems that get built. they get built with particular metrics that are jaunt quantifiable and part of that that they're easily quantifiable. that doesn't mean they match what we really want. they're proxies for what we really want. and when you g

also michael malone chronicles the beginnings of silicon valley with his book the big score. then "the memory thief" about the effects of opioid use on the memory. what can teach doctors about alzheimer's disease followed by biologists carole hooven explaining how testosterone dries behavior. >> some people say that artificial intelligence is going to make a the human race obsolete. people don't want to think that a artificial intelligence, and intimidating subject that the thing about ai is even if you don't want to think about it, it is thinkingut about you, or is ? that will be the question we will be discussing today on this episode of independent conversations. greetings everybody who has joined us. i'm graham walker coming from the independent institute in oakland, california. we try to bring notable experts on aic variety of topics to discuss topics of the day and we think giving your perspective that you're not likely to hear elsewhere, and today we'll be talking with george gilder. let me welcome george gilder to independent conversations. hi, george. [inaudible] >>

what the cause and effect, is it washington dc or silicon valley? >> there may be multiple causes, and personalize media, the fact that we no longer live in local and state communities where we focus on local and state issues reading local news, everything is now customized and oriented toward often political extreme, the repeal of the fairness doctrine contributed to this, let me pose a question, what would you think of repealing the fairness doctrine. >> no more answering questions from me. i would definitely oppose that. it was a disaster from the inception. dennis patrick did a fantastic job putting it in the scrapheap of regulatory history where it belongs. having regulators sit in judgment of content is a topic that is fraught with peril. first amendment and general concerns, i gave a speech four months ago, and some upsides, and related to this topic, it is intermediation, having a conversation with somebody on social media you are not in the same physical presence, you say things you would never see if you were in the presence of these peopl

washington, d.c., or silicon valley? >> there may be multiple causes and i think certainly the chairman should definitely jump in on this, but i think you know, technology is, you know, with personalized media and the fact that we no longer live in local and state communities where we read the local newspaper and watch the local news, everything is now customized and oriented towards one or another political extreme. the repeal of the fairness doctrine has arguably contributed to this as well, changing how media operates. let me pose the question to you, chairman, what would you think of returning to the fairness doctrine? would that solve some of our problems? >> first of all, no more answering questions for me at oversight hearings. seriously though, i would definitely oppose that. one of my predecessors did a fantastic job in the reagan administration, putting it in the scrapheap of history where it belonged. having regulators sitting in judgment of content is always fraught. i do think that a lot of what was said res

in some ways, we are all victims of silicon valley and mark zuckerberg and jack dorsey who are getting very, wealthy powerful off of human tendency. not just to be recognized to join a group and submerge your identity in that group and stoke the conflict between your group and the other group and to be applauded about every seven minutes. [laughter] one thing that i would love to see and kind of a rehabilitative america is journalism that does what i think journalism should deal. go out into the country and talk to people that are not part of the media. not part of the world that journalists live in. the pandemic, by the way, has been terrible in this way. it has intensified all of these tendencies. go talk to people you don't even think you would like, but certainly people that you do not know and try to see the world from their point of view. it is an amazing privilege. .... .... particularly multiracial society, local newspapers. a. >> and again, these are both really, really flawed and super racist at different times, so it's not like there's some panacea because they could be real

. >> i thought he was just silicon valley. >> now-- no, technology chief at google and it developed ai the response to gmail. responses that allow you to anticipate how you are going to respond to it. >> i noticed the responses have been getting more courteous and more specific. i suppose it's due to his development. >> that's his contribution. really i think all these people forgotten the fundamental principles of computer science. >> that's what's striking about this book because you don't seem to be as much as a doomsday or as some. in fact, you seem to think the potential of ai may be oversold, but that even in the overselling there could be some collateral damage and you are trying to avoid that. have i got that right? >> yeah, i think that's right. the idea that somehow ai competes with human minds is a fundamental illusion. >> a lot of these technology creators came to the work having already observed the idea that the human mind is nothing more than a neat machine and so if they knew that quote unquote knew that to begin with and it's not surprising that the conception of artif

now you have a conflation on the left of sort of corporate culture especially this silicon valley and elsewhere with, you know, sort of semi-religious progressive ideology where, you know, the corporation will stage a land acknowledgment where they talk about how the land is being held on was taken from a native american tribe right before they, you know, get into their third quarter strategic report or something. and it's super weird -- [laughter] it's just very weird to sort of watch, to sort of watch the incorporation of these, this kind of, you know, again, slightly academic progressive rhetoric into corporate hr speak. but what in part it reflects is sort of, you know, the the extent to which this is seen, i think, by people who run big companies in part as a way to sort of give something to progressivism to avoid the kind of bernie sanders version of progressivism. like, americans, american corporations would much rather, you know, construct diversity programs and trainings along the lines that robin deangelo suggests in "white white from if jillty" than they would be to be subj

a big chunk of the masters of the universe of silicon valley don't seem to know a lot about the world outside of a relatively narrow elite american band and i think it is a failure of education of high school and as well as college they don't have that range of cultural and historicalal knowledge and grounding. but it wouldn't get better if you just do away with the four-year experience altogether. host: let's take some calls. new york c times columnist and author are caller comes in from tampa good afternoon. >>caller. my question is i am confused by the conservative christianity content of dominion is on that calling the believers to take control of all aspects of culture family, religion, entertainments and government. to me that conflict with the consultation on the very basic level that with article six that there should be no religious test for anybody for any qualificationff of office. and the government should in no way link any lot of the establishment of religion. host: do you know where dominion is him comes from? >> okay. i would like to a understand more about that. >> so

valley and elsewhere were sort of semi- religious progressives ideology. where you know, incorporation will stage an acknowledgment when they talk about have landed is being held on was taken from a native american tribe right before you know they get into their strategic report or something. it is super weird, that is one thing to be said about this, it is very weird to sort of watch the incorporation of these five again, academic progressive rhetoric into corporate hr and baldwin park, was reflectingrt sort of extent to which is the scene that i think by people who run big companies sort of given something to progressivism. to avoid the kind of bernie sanders version like american corporations, they would much rather you know, have a diversity program and training along the lines at robin d'angelo suggestse in white fertility, than they would be subjected to bernie sanders side tax rate so there sort of the way in which this is a way for corporations to save your progressives as well, don't access, we have a diversity program and we got antiracist traini

like a big chunk of our sort of masters of universe whether they're in silicon valley and so on, don't know the world outside of a relatively narrow elite american of kind of band and i think it's a failure of education and high school as well as college that they don't have that range of cultural and historical knowledge and grounding. but i don't think it would get better if you just did away with the four-year experience altogether. >> well, let's take some calls. ralph is our guest. the new york times columnist and karen is calling in from tampa. good morning to you or good afternoon to you. >> good afternoon. mr. douthat, my question is, i'm very -- i'm confused by the conservative christianity's concept of the minionism to take control of seven cultures. seven mountains, family, religion, media, entertainment, business, and government. how, why do they -- to me this conflicts -- is in conflict with the constitution on a very basic level, that is with the idea in article 6 that there should be no religious test for anybody, for any qualification of office and also, that there shou

silicon valley has a version of it where they effectively censor or moderate content the movement doesn't want to see online. the new democratic party looks the other way when it comes to leaving the monopoly power. whether or not it is a good thing or a bad thing is working masterfully for both sides to shine some sunlight on that reality so the consumers into the citizens can at least make their own judgments about whether it's a good thing or bad thing but step one is seeing the phenomena itself that is part of what i try to do in the book. >> the examples that we talk about when the companies were deeply cynical, they were sort of using a progressive agenda to further their own goals which were not political at all. what about the stakeholder capitalism more generally. can a ceo and race stakeholder capitalism, does it make sense should the shareholders have other goals so as ceo i'm going to pursue those whether it's combating climate change, diversity. >> i'm going to take this as an opportunity worth unpacking in the discussion. a few different kinds. it is a problem, the phenomeno

valley elite, the very wealthy and subsidized poor and then you will have the upper middle and lower middle classes. that will be conceivable and they will be the majority of the country. i am cautiously optimistic. >> that's good. i'm feeling that already. let's start with peasantry because you talk about in the book the subservient rural residents, the labor of inferior rank and then we sort of got the middle class and millions of americans are becoming a new version thanks to the declining wages so the new version. >> it doesn't exist in the classical latin vocabulary. the same thing is true in greek there is no word for peasant. there is agrarian, small farmers so that is a foreign experience is these classical antecedents. then if we are going to plant a these trees and vines we want to pass on to our children. they always said at the same thing that this country was different. maybe we didn't earn it about we had all of this land and homestead acts and the idea that people could come and be autonomousnt and independent ons classical in the idea that they were going to lack the

valley heat, the very wealthy and the very subsidized poor, and then they're going to have the upper middle and middle-middle and lower middle classes. and that was inconceivable 20 years ago. and i think they're going to be the majority of the country. i'm cautiously optimistic. >> okay. well, that's good. that's good. i'm feeling better already. let's start with peasantry are, because you talk about this used to denote a subservient, rural resident or laborer of inferior rank, but then we sort of got the middle class and that millions of americans are becoming a new version thanks to department, joblessness, declining wages and so on, new version of peasant, essentially. >> yeah. that's a funny word. it's latin for rustic but, you know, it doesn't exist in a classical latin vocabulary. there's no word. the same thing is true in greek. there's no word for peasant. there's been a word in the american lexicon for peasant, you know, calling people peasants unless there are cultural terms. there's agrarian, small farmers, yeoman, that's a foreign experience because we have a viable midd

valley elite,on very wealthy and subsidized foreign then you have the middle and middle middle and lower middle classes and that was inconceivable 20 years ago when i think they're going to be the majority of the country rated some cautiously optimistic pretty. >> also that is good. so you talk about the account subservient role are labor of inferior rank and then we sort of got the middle class and the millions of americans are becoming the new version thanks to debt and declining wages and so on in a new version of this essentially pretty. >> is latin for - but you know, it does not exist in the latin vocabulary, there is no word and the same thing is true in greek and there is no word for peasant. is it we don't call people peasants, that is a cultural term, their small farmers or other names but this experience because when viable middle-class. and so, starts really to protect the property of middle-class, there's no citizenship before 2700 bc in this idea comes with employee planner trees along the path and we want to pass on to her children, it could take a long-term to grow it is

valley elite, very wealthy and the very subsidized poor and then you're going to have the upper middle, and middle middle and lower middle classes and that was inconceivable 20 years and i think they're going to be the majority of the country. i'm cautiously optimistic. >> okay, that's good. i'm feeling better already. let's start with peasantry. >> you talked to it used to be laborer of inferior rank and then we sort of got the middle class. and that millions of americans are becoming a new version, thanks to debt, joblessness, declining wages, so on, new version of peasant. >> it's a funny word from latin for rustic, but it doesn't exist in the classical latin vocabulary. and there's no word for peasant. i don't think there's been a work in the lexicon as peasant unless -- there's small farmers, free holders and yeomen, so that's a foreign experience of ours, and we had a viable middle class. so citizen starts to middle class. and there's no citizen until 2600 boynton beaching to our children to grow an investment and 2600bc. and vying and we want the property protected and out of th

valley elite the very wealthy and then we are going to have the middle and lower middle class. that was inconceivable. i'm cautiously optimistic. >> that's good. i'm feeling that already. let's start with peasantry because you talk about in the book of subservient rural president a labor of inferior rank but then we got to the middle class and millions of americans are becoming a new version with declining wages and so on and new urgent. >> that's a funny word that's latin for rustic which doesn't exist in a latin vocabulary. there's no word. the same thing is true in greek. there's no word for peasant and i don't think there is a word in the american lexicon for peasant. it's a cultural term and their agrarian send farmers. they have the foreign experience because we had a viable middle class so it's to protect the middle class. there's no citizenship before it 2780 and we want to pass on to our children to grow an investment and we want that property protected. out of that comes these auxiliary rights. this is what jefferson and tocqueville always said the same thing. maybe w

a big chunk of our sort of masters of the universe weather in washington or silicon valley and so on, don't really seem to know a lot about the world outside of relatively narrow, you know, elite american. i think it is a failure of education. as well as college that they do not have that range of historical knowledge and grounding. i do not think that it would get better if you just did away with the four-year experience altogether. >> let's take some calls. new york times columnist and author.ng karen is calling in from tampa. good afternoon to you. >> good afternoon. my question is, i am confused bn the conservative christianity concept off romanian -ism.nt the call to believers to take control of all seven aspects of culture, the seven mountains. family, religion, education, media, business and government. to me, this conflicts, in conflict with the constitution on a very basic level that is in article six there should be no religiouson test for anybody, fr any qualification of office. the government should in no way make any law of establishment of religion. >> karen, do you know

one key thing to remember is if you think about silicon valley before 2020, this was the industry that the most access to all the forms of remote work. is this what yahoo! did? is this what google and facebook did, sine qua non? exactly opposite. marissa mayer famously ordered a going back but google bot 1 million have square feet in downtown manhattan. they all try to create these work playgrounds to make sure people are around each other all the time because they believe creativity works by connecting people. one of the interesting things that come out of microsoft is there's a nice study that came out last month that there's a real decrease in connections across different groups which the paper really thinks is going to lead a decrease in crete giving microsoft because these were teams are becoming more siloed. one final is that the remote world is a very hard world for onboarding new workers and is an unequal world. the onboarding point is if you look at productivity computer programmers, some studies have suggested it's all just fine but if you look at new hires for computer progr