reggie: oakland police suspects escaped in a black suv. kumasi: this morning, police are hoping someone has information about the person who killed a tv news guard last week. please take a look at this photo. this is a white acura tl with no front license plate. please believe this vehicle was used in the attempted theft of a forced camera equipment. a retired police officer was guarding the crew and was shot during that attempted theft. he died saturday at highland hospital. a trust fund has been set up for his family, as well as an online fundraiser to cover medical and memorial expenses. you can find a link on our website, abc7news.com. today, the oakland police chief is expected to address violence in his city. we have already learned more police will soon hit the streets as a part of the city's response to while in crime. >> there is nothing progressive about unbridled gun violence. this is what oakland or's want, a comprehensive and effective approach to safety. that includes adequate police staffing. kumasi: the mayor said in a poli

jobina: oakland, following a crash on northbound 880 right now. you can see the speed is down to 13 miles per hour with one lane blocked. it's not clear if there are injuries involved but from there you can see at the coliseum camera the northbound traffic is moving smoothly. it's really just in that section there. this is a live look at the toll plaza. the metering lights artificially on, not too bad there but in czar really slowing down for the supercomputers. 22 minute ride from antioch to concord. reggie: you are about to witness the start of a violent pursuit at the bay bridge toll plaza yesterday. watch this, the toll -- tow truck driver rams into a chp cruiser. officers were first called here to check on the tow truck that was stopped and refusing to move . chp says that chase went through oakland before the driver crashed his truck on san pablo avenue and was promptly arrested. the chp officer and suspect were treated for minor injuries. kumasi: a new rosa safari west. reggie: a jeopardy contestant who is doing more than just racking up wi

oakland, about the same, near 70 degrees. you head inland, we've got temperatures very mild once again, and a little warmer than they should be with san ramon in the upper 60's. 70 in livermore. lots of sunshine, mild conditions today. hanukkah lighting tonight with the sun setting at about 4:50. temperatures in the upper 50's in the city. looking at cooler conditions at the coast tomorrow. little change elsewhere. we're still above average throughout the middle of the week, and then looks like some neighborhoods getting back into the 70's by the end of the week, but next weekend we're dry. we're cooler. no rain in sight yet. stephanie: just need the rainfall potential to move down to our area. lisa: you got it. stephanie: lisa, thank you. now to the christmas tree crunch. that could make it hard to find the perfect tree for your family this year. ginger z has more on what you can do to make sure you do not miss out. >> many people are getting in the spirit. >> maybe it needs a little love. >> there it is. >> maybe a little m

a transgender oakland woman is making history in "jeopardy!" amy schneider has won eight games in a row. that has earned her a spot in the tournament of champions. she is the first trans person to qualify, winning four consecutive games or more. the tournament is set for next fall, but before that, schneider will be back on "jeopardy!" on monday to try to continue her winning streak. so far, she has won $295,000. she says she would like to use take a little bit of time of her job as an engineering manager and use that money to travel to ireland. you can watch "jeopardy" weeknights at 7:00 on abc 7. still to come, it website started as a joke, but now one north bay man is using it to help police attract people looking to hire a hitman. plus, food bank crisis. a jelly bean that's good for you? nature's bounty introduces new jelly bean vitamins. good for you nutrients in a tastier for you form. more sweet dreams, more flavorful immune support. new nature's bounty jelly beans. live bountifully. announcer: building a better bay area, moving forward,

staff, students, and other volunteers shared meals in west oakland. all of the food was prepared at castle multi-this week and dished out a buffet style. >> leading up to today we were at castle methow school -- students helped with the prep work and they helped today. kumasi: the dinner is an annual event put on by regina's helping hands. they expected to serve 400 people yesterday. his. of giving is continuing into next week. tuesday is giving tuesday, promoting the power of philanthropy. if you would like to create a donation, abc7 news has created a list of local organizations helping build a better bay area. you can find a list on our website at abc7news.com /takeaction. despite the of optimism and gratitude is bountiful in the bay area. we caught up with folks who told us what they are thankful for this holiday season. >> i am thankful because we are meeting people and the people are more grateful because everything is opening back up. >> the resilience will produce much continue as long as we are able to love and join together. kumasi: as we fo

kumasi: a security guard is in the hospital after being shot in oakland. he was working with a news crew when he was shot when police -- shot in what police say was an attempted robbery. a reward is being offered to help find the shooter. the guard underwent surgery and is now stable. vocal media outlets routinely use security guards just -- to accompany camera operators and photographers. police are investigating a smash and grab burglary at an apple store. we have blurred the faces because some of them are believed to be teenagers. the burglary happened just after 11:30 yesterday morning, at santa rosa plaza. police say the four people grabbed over $20,000 worth of merchandise before taking off in a car. giving local businesses a badly needed boost. the preparation for small business saturday. the great highway close for the long holiday weekend. the new program that's launching for the whole family to enjoy. mike: and we are taking a look at a little bit of fog out there right now, some of it developing in santa rosa. broner -- rohnert park is at 32, an

this is right near the oakland airport exit past the coliseum. moving nicely. no delays getting there. overall, you are seeing a lot of green which is lovely. we do have a little slowing for our early morning commuters. some of the drive times from the city, easy ride southbound. 880 up to the bay looking good. 10 minutes. 580 east more traffic after this. reggie: a mischievous seal meets an underwater diver. kumasi: the seal swimming around the diver before it tries to rip its cap off. a scooper that's a scuba diver has built up this -- a scuba diver has built up this report with steels -- with seals after years of diving. reggie: we see this all the time, but i won't -- but i don't want this seal eating me. no. i sayi sayi sayi sayi sayi say grammyammyammyammyammy talking about. the major nods are this. kumasi: if you are a beer and person release in the reggie: north bay coming up. reggie:-- in the north bay coming up. reggie: reggie: three mentor being charged with murder after the attempted robbery. was getting gas gas gas investigators say three men tried

the train was heading to oakland from bakersfield. jury deliberations will begin today in the trial of three white men accused of killing ahmaud arbery. we are hearing from his father about the trial. jobina: the judges moving deliberations to an interior room at the courthouse because of concerns about jurors hearing protesters outside. a defense attorney called for a mistrial because of the demonstrations. the judge denied the motion. travis mcmichael, his father gregory and william bryan are accused of chasing down and murdering aubrey last year. their lawyers say they had reasonable suspicion to believe he had stolen from a construction site before the encounter. they argue the killing was justified under a citizens arrest law. the father of ahmaud arbery is talking to gma about how he is feeling going into the liberations. >> i feel we will get justice. the evidence is overwhelming against those three white men that killed my son. ain't no way we can't get justice. jobina: the prosecution claims aubrey was targeted because of his

police activity outside a oakland home depot. this was last night at the story near interstate 880. >> it is really so much. this is what parts of downtown san francisco look like. the streets around union are also closed to traffic. this led up to all of this. there it is. they emptied out the place in a smash and grab on friday. what is the latest that we know? >> they just open the streets moments ago. he has opened stockton. i said, why did you all decide to open the streets. he did not know. he was just doing what he was told, but the streets had been close to keep the area safe. a pack of people could be running from the louis vuitton story, carrying merchandise with them. they jumped into waiting cars. police say they arrested eight young adults. the chief expects that they will catch more people as they look at video from the scene. one resident says he has had enough. he is moving his family to marin county. wes used to be able to move to another neighborhood or say, i am not going to live downtown. now what i see is tha

oakland is not yet out of the picture. the city just got money to make improvements to jack london square which is where the a's want to put a new waterfront ballpark. the city council is expected to take a final vote on the stadium early next year. as the bay area continues to experience drought, more residents could soon be asked to cut their water use. the public utilities commission will meet tuesday to possibly declare a water shortage emergency. businesses and residents could be asked to reduce water use by 5%. the reductions will not be enforced and those who do not comply will not be punished. the emergency declaration would enact a surcharge of up to 5% on water bills that would start april 1 of next year. today, hundreds of families would get a turkey for their thanksgiving meal, thanks in part to e 40. the wrapper donated $12,000 in turkeys and gift cards to the hottest meal giveaway. this is the fourth turkey drive for the club and they will also be handing out hot meals today. the giveaway starts at 11:00 this

reporter: unemployed from the pandemic she lives off 14th street in west oakland. a low income neighborhood defined as a food desert. a large percentage of the population does not have easy access to the grocery stores. >>>> it is overwhelming. reporter: it is one of 600 in the area that are considered food deserts. that means in these areas one third of the population are living more than half a mile away from the nearest supermarket or large grocery store. with no car or bus pass she walks. >> i walk about two or three miles. reporter: on a good day it is a mile to st. vincent depaul but on sundays and mondays st. vincent depaul is closed and the closest grocery store in this particular food desert is more than a mile away. for sarah jordan -- >> eight or nine blocks. i go up to safeway. reporter: the distance is not the problem but the price. >> california's price on food, food stamps are $350 a month. reporter: that used to last a month. now it lasts two weeks. >> when food prices go up a lot it hits the lower income households particularly hard. reporter: jame

this is the latest deadly freeway shooting in oakland. drivers are outraged and afraid. >> there's a lot of angst out there right now. it's been pent up since the pandemic started. it creates a lot of anger. every day you go out there, you're putting yourself at risk. >> it's dangerous out here. you don't know someone's going to drive up next to you and do whatever. you accidentally cut someone off, you are in fear of your life. reggie: a few weeks ago, a shooting claimed the life of a two-year-old. he was shot in the forehead as his other drove on interstate 80. the family was caught in gang crossfire. kumasi: a city councilmember says it's time to install security cameras on more freeways. >> will stop the shootings? no. it gives us vital information of what occurred, possible license plates. the police are excellent at what they do. we need to give them more information. kumasi: he is reaching out to other officials to gather support for a camera network that would be funded by the state. there been 76 freeway shootings along interstat

into violence in oakland. he says this is a result of unprecedented firepower on the streets. the chief is worried prime is only going to get worse as his ranks shrink. >> it's been a wake-up call for all of us. they are firing guns and communities can cause so much damage to families, but also community because the community is hurt, as well. reggie: some examples. there was one incident where 200 rounds of gunfire were shot. on sunday night, mother and her 11-year-old daughter were shot in their home. 11 days ago, a boy not even two years old was killed by a stray bullet while writing a family car on interstate 80 in oakland. -- riding in a family car interstate 880 in oakland. >> i think it is aboutnk it is t ability to regain the trust of our community, so that they don't believe that less police makes them safer. reggie: currently, only about one third of oakland homicide cases result in an arrest and charges. the chief says that low clearance rate is likely tied to the same number of investigators lookin

pacific bay, 50 to 55. 52 in oakland. everybody else in the 40's, taking it to napa, 35 degrees, you win hands down for the chili spot. look at the low to mid 60's, noon to 6:00 with high clouds and sunshine. let's talk about what is going on with your activity plans, a good day to be outside for exercise, yardwork, even running errands. looking at the cloud cover you can see the low clouds melting away, the fog that is, high clouds into the afternoon and evening, overnight hours. no rain out of these but there is a chance for rain coming in on friday. i will talk about that next. jobina: starting here just really quickly, mentioning on camera for you all a brand-new crash northbound on 101 near brisbane. there is debris and all lanes reported there. i was looking at that information from the chp but now we have a live look at the bay bridge toll plaza. we also have a stall on the upper deck of the bridge. the backup is starting to get thick there. what is not as thick anymore on the san rafael camera is the fog that mike

kumasi: the future of the oakland coliseum. the two groups bidding for rights on the space. reggie: and if you are you are e there is a high chance you are doing it wrong. kumasi: and sending members scrambling for safety. reggie: in oakland today, the city council is set to make a choice between two different groups who are trying to figure out what to do with the coliseum site. one of these groups in an nba women's expansion team to play, the other is led by star oakland player dave stewart, who wants to refurbish the site for concerts and music production. kumasi: a big question in the south bay -- wildlife or warehouses? san jose's city council is set to vote on the future of coyote valley, deciding between preserving the vast open space or making way for an industrial park. amanda del castillo your looks into the debate over the landscape. amanda: today's farmland could be the eventual site of two warehouses, spanning the land of two football -- six football fields. it will be or not to keep it as open space and agriculture, or rezone it for industrial use. andrea mcken

reggie: a violent night in oakland. a girl and woman injured when someone shot into a home no arrests have been made. kumasi: former democratic presidential candidate beto o'rourke is running to become the next governor of texas. he is hoping to unseat republican governor greg abbott. reggie: president biden is set to sign his $2 trillion infrastructure bill into law today. abc news will area special report for the signing around noon. dense -- mike: dense fog is an issue for morning commute. you can see that fog is moving into more neighborhoods than just solano county. >> the fog is impacting your commute as well. chp issued a fog advisory for the golden gate bridge and for the carquinez bridge as well. here is a live look in san rafael showing off 101. kumasi: baby yoda, ronald mcdonald and pikachu are all joining the macy's thanksgiving day parade. the parade is back in person this year after having to go virtual last year because of the pandemic. reggie: did you see that little girl. she must be from a series i don

it is 51 in oakland. we are looking at 466666666 the interior valleys. yesterday, livermore turned out to be 74. depending on how long the fog sits, your afternoon highs will be impacted. today, we added in some high clouds. you can see that quarter-mile visibility from livermore. even around the san carlos airport, they are getting into some patchy fog. as we see those lighter winds, that is what is helping that fog drift our way. the golden gate bridge is not too bad it. we are looking at partly cloudy skies and mild conditions. temperatures are feeling more like they should for november. in the afternoon, you will notice we do thin out that cloud cover for some sun. we have thicker clouds for monday. we will have a few degrees cooler. we get cooler air and that is going to set the stage for a cooler week. another system on thursday, flirting with the bay area. we will see how that plays out. it's nice to have these rain chances. it looks like the wind will shift offshore. it was 75 in redwood city yesterday. we had a few more high clouds. pacifica is

how about 71 in oakland? and fremont will be in theow erlog 70' hrnoon out we are doing fine now, but we are way behind due to the drought. his seven-day panel not showing any. slightly cooler tomorrow with high clouds, and this is when we get to cool down. monday, tuesday, a system misses us to the north. wednesday there is another system and it is going to bring clouds, with temperatures back into the 60's for most. could even be a beach day out there, liz. liz: going to the beach in november, we will take it. thanks. northern california has only one music conservatory, and it is located here in san francisco. new venue has been and to that which will offer a lot of free concerts for the public. a renowned musician was here to celebrate the completion of the building. leanne menendez tells us who it is. ♪ reporter: it is as if each note floated majestically through the air. pianist garrick olson's performance demonstrated the quality of one of two halls in the conservatory's new center. one ♪ besides th

the oakland zoo getting that up for the holidays. kumasi: a wildly illuminated lantern festival kicks off this evening. visitors can take a mile long stroll to see larger-than-life blowing animals. we have some video. it looks pretty cool. there is an african safari with elephants and giraffes. a rainforest with giant pandas and a gondola ride to the land of bubs that features a 65 foot queen ant tunnel. we were just talking about this yesterday. i'm excited about it. reggie: i want to see that kumasi: it goes until the end of january so we have time. with we can finally here we know a lot of you are ready to have some fun. reggie: we are managing the pandemic as fairly well so let's get some ideas from jobina. jobina: we love seeing new restaurants and this weekend sole slice in oakland is hosting its grand opening saturday. the food is not exactly pizza. think of it is more like an open faced biscuit with good contemporary soul food on top. >> oprah, black-eyed peas, people in california cannot get down with -- [laughter] jobina: a

it may not -- oakland road. the metering lights have flipped on at 624 time -- 6:24. light traffic because of veterans day. mike: that is good. hi, veterans, and thank you. let's take a look at some temperatures. we start in the south bay. we are in the mid 40's to mid-50's from 46 in santa teresa to cupertino at 53. the bayshore up to san francisco in the low to mid 50's. upper 40's at lafayette, danville, fairfield. upper 40's with that thick fog in the north bay valleys. temperatures nine degrees cooler than this time yesterday. let's head back to the south bay. 55 was sunshine. 63 at 10:00. upper 50's under a clear sky by 8:00. i look at walnut creek. pretty clear here as he looked south on 680. fog mainly in the north bay. some of that is trying to slip into san francisco but it will be foggier than the north bay. coat to know coat this afternoon. -- no coat this afternoon. this is sponsored by disney plus day streaming tomorrow. >> we have a lot to talk about. ♪ >> yes, i like what you are saying. ♪ >> we will do this together. >> awesome. ♪ >> what happen

oakland, 880, coliseum c southbound. traveling south on 880, you run into a big slowdown between san lorenzo and hayward. there is no reason for that exactly, just the morning commute traffic. drive times really beginning to pick up antioch to concord, 27 minutes on highway 4. drew: we are t we are t moisture from yesterday creating pockets of fog. northbay, petaluma, santa rosa, fairfield, mild visibility, along the coast, fog and drizzle down to 4 miles visibility. we will see cloud cover lift that, by 10:00 a.m., cloud cover breaking down and fog moving out. into the afternoon, a sunny day with temperatures warmer today compared to yesterday. highs around the regent, brighter and warmer afternoon. 66, oakland. 68, san jose. highs around the bay area sponsored by disney+. >> let's go. we have a lot to talk about. ♪ >> yes, i like what you are saying. ♪ >> we are going to do this together. >> awesome! ♪ >> what happened to your shirt? ♪ >> i have been looking for this for a long long time. ♪ mrs. claus the sho

ha ilfnch in oakland. look atht at rain adshow in san jose two hundreds thof an inch. kuma:si abc n 7ews is cmiomtted willing a better area, and at inclus deour clime atand vironment. thise sue has been vernments will noanunce plgeeds to develop cntouries. soar f,he t state ofal cifornia isel wl represteend at the summit. democraticta ste senats orwho avel to scotland arshe aring calirnfoia's role finighting climatche ange. >> we e arstill in the game. it iims portant r fopeople to know we he avso many folks on the grndou saying awere ubling dn owon the cmalite work we veha done. makusi:he t california delegaonti sayths ey are learngni a lot fm roother countrs ielike feeding fmar animals a difrefent diet to fighmet thane gas.se you casen e our full stela of imateat wch cerovage on the y area -on- t ahebc7 b aayrea app. reggie: tathes erin londoarn e doing threi part. 50 have edplged to remeov sustainae blmatealri from set desis.gn they pdgleed to desn igcostumes and stinall pane.ls the londothn eater coornstium is rkwoing to rucede carbon emissisony b60% by 2025. kuma:

temperatures are in the 40's. 48 in oakland. in the north bay, it is a beautiful start to the workweek. it wil wil wil most of the day for the atmosphere to moist enough -- moisten up. that happens into tuesday morning. we could see and isolated thunderstorms. over an inch of rain, maybe two inches in the sonoma hills here. looking at the pen about a half inch. to the south bay, a quarter of an inch to a third of an inch. the santa cruz mountains could see an inch of rain. when the rain comes down heavy, we could see tree limbs coming down. low-level areas could see ponding on the roadways and there is a look at 11:00 tonight. even 50 mile per hour winds around the bay area. the wind begins to dial back, but still showers here in today it gets cloudy with numbers in the 60's. looking at the forecast, a level two system tonight ending tomorrow and then mild and sunny conditions the rest of the week. jobina: a young girl's true when her mural was unveiled. yesterday, she got her wish of creating a public mural using her own artwor

developing news in oakland. a toddler was shot and killed by what investigators believe was a stray bullet. the california highway patrol says this happened yesterday during a shootout on interstate 880 near seventh street not far from the oakland police department. the boy killed was just 23 months old. abc 7 news reporter spoke to the devastated family who says this happened during their drive home. the boy's mother was behind the wheel. >> a mother is mourning the loss of her 23 month old son. around 2 deln 10 p.m. saturday a 911 cler report ter interstate 880 in the city of oakland. >> it looks like the car is two vehicles shooting. >> one of the bullets entered this white lexus. inside a family with three children including a 23 month old boy in his car seat. his family identified him as jasper a boy who was smart and full of life. and his mother's only child. >> this is audio recording of chp officers arriving on scene. according to his family he was sleeping in his car seat when he was struck in the head

san francisco, oakland, 52. looking at the golden gate bridge where there is just a little bit of fog. upper 40's santa rosa. numbers with all of the cloud cover fairly uniform, it was colder yesterday morning. the system providing snow and a winter weather advisory above 6500 feet for the west slopes. three to six inches of snow expected with winds up to 75 miles an hour. the winds are already gusting over 30 miles an hour. certainly travel impacts from i-80, highway 50, and the passes. we are looking at falling back tonight. the sun setting at 6:05 tonight and 5:04 for your sunday. they look at our camera where we have the clouds that will linger throughout most of the day. by the afternoon, some sun in the east bay and south bay. sunny tomorrow and a stronger system monday into tuesday. here is today where we are looking at sprinkle activity, a light shower by the midday hour and by noontime, this front continues to the south and east. it falls apart and we will send out the cloud cover. the winds pick up mom

the oakland mayor worked closely on issues from promoting youth leadership to addressing racial disparities around the pandemic. >> i consider her not just a colleague, but a friend. she was an amazing champion, a quiet champion for the vulnerable, for public health. it is just a shopping, devastating loss. jobina: jan was first -- chan was first elected to the board of supervisors in 1994, becoming the first asian-american woman to hold that post. reggie: the funeral services set today for colin powell. he died last month of the age of 84. he suffered complications from covid-19. the service is happening at washington national cathedral. abc news will carry the service live is a special report. you can watch that here at 9:00 this morning. jobina: the house is expected to vote on two major pillars of president biden's agenda. abc news confirms house members will vote on bidens $1.7 trillion economic package and the bipartisan for structure bill. a committee met to finalize the plan for floor action today. if passed it will hit to the senate, where it will likely be amended. if the house pa

oakland unified will start hosting classes at oakland tech next week to teach students about consent inappropriate sexual behavior. in fiction change of the processes in the works in san francisco unified school district. the financially struggling districts as it wants to scrap the current lottery base system in an effort to increase enrollment. district officials say they are working to create a zone-based process to begin in 2024. >> ensures families have a choice amongst a small group of schools, that they will be close to their home, predictable they will get one of those schools and the school will be more diverse because the families in the neighborhoods are attending neighborhood schools. kumasi: the district says it will hold in person enrollment workshops for parents and even go doorknocking to help parents fill applications. ring the pandemic, 3500 students left the district. reggie: the holiday season returns to starbucks today. these are the designs for this year's cups. the festive drinks include the new sugar cookie almond milk latte and old favorites like the peppermi

oakland, towards the bay plaza. temperatures are running from 52 57 and ella media -- alameda. same thing in pacifica. lack of fog and 50 in mountain view. let's take a look at what to expect for these bay today. average high 68, and it will be about a degree warmer by 4:00. look at all the sunshine. gorgeous afternoon with light winds. there will be a touch of haze, but it will be more humidity than anything. we are a little more humid than we should be for this time of year. activity planner -- everything is good. tried during the daylight hours. bony heat air conditioner. now there is some fog if you are moving until 10:00. as you can see, it is spitting up the coast. it is coming in tonight as a one with rain and then scattered showers. let's take a look at the radar. watch the cloud cover go away, leaving us with sunshine. as we head toward 7:00, 8:00. a few scout showers, and a couple coast communities. write to mounted -- moderate rain. it is moving into the rest of the bay, and a quick moving storm. five or 6:00. we are left over with some showers some higher elevation

an oakland family is living in fear because someone fired 10 shots into their home. they hit a father while he was holding his five week old daughter. his husband, jimmy, talked with abc 7 news and says someone opened fire saturday night. his husband survived after taking a bullet to the face. the baby has minor abrasions on her face. >> we don't talk to anybody, really, aside from our immediate neighbors. i am trying to figure out, is it because we are gay? you know, i can't believe that this is random. reggie: the company -- couple has another daughter, a four-year-old, who is also in the home and this -- at the time of the shooting. she was not hurt. oakland police have not said they were investigating the shooting. no arrests have been made. kumasi: four straight days of travel chaos for american. despite the number of flights canceled, things are getting better. more than 2005 have been canceled since friday. the airline is blaming bad weather and a flight attendant staffing shortage for these problems. 1800 flight attendants returned from pandemic leave on mond

live picture from oakland at the coliseum camera. sticking with this crash we have been following since 5:00 this morning in fremont, still in place on southbound 680. speeds are around 24 miles per hour. kumasi: thank you, jobina. coming up next, today we will learn more about the jurors who convicted derek chauvin for the murder of george floyd. reggie: and the supreme court is taking a look at texas's controversial abortion ban. what this could mean for the future of the law. kumasi: as we head to break, a live look at salesfo mrs. claus the shopping boss here to help you merry savers decorate with the best bargains ever! ross has savings on everything you need to get the party started. because who waits for shipping anymore? or guests?! i love saying yes to more merry for less at ross! mrs. claus the shopping boss here to help you merry savers find the best bargains ever! when you have the world's longest list you go to ross so you can work that budget and get those savings. i love saying yes to more merry for less at ross. kumas