carter took to the cemetery at gettysburg. he had a shabbat dinner at camp david with the israeli delegation. he autographed photographs for the grandchildren. john baker learned that lesson taking the foreign minister minister of the show via union -- soviet union to his ranch for german unification. george mitchell learned the agreement, setting good friday as the deadline. carter set the 15th day as the deadline forcing everybody to decide do we want to walk away from this or make peace? next, carter realized the most inflexible person on the israeli team was none other than the prime minister himself. he went around him at camp david . critically, the legal advisor. a photograph of each of the grandchildren the 13th day and he said no more compromises, i'm going home. he autographed the photographs, handed them his photographs and put his bags down and made one last try. carter also recognized by contract saddam was the most flexible on his delegation. his own foreign minister resigned in the middle of camp david. he had t

gettysburg, maryland, we hear from david on the independent line. caller: love c-span. i want to build on that first judgment national gentlemen. we do need to come together. democrat, republican it is getting to be the same at the federal level. both of my friends are left. i am usually left politically. went to a liberal law school. i want to encourage people on the left to read the constitution and put the vain glory aside. everything does not need to be federal. the constitution says it only goes federal when needed. otherwise, you've got to roll up your sleeves and get involved at the state level. we need more romney care, less obamacare. passionate c-span coverage is all we need. celebrity politics, we have got to let that go and meet at the local level. host: matt, new york, republican line. caller: i missed the previous segment because i was dealing with lake effect snow, which we have been dealing with the last couple of days. looks like you have got nice weather. host: we do. what is on your mind? caller: first of all, i would like to remind everybody that whe

in a beautiful proclamation which i urge you to go back and d read, it was just after the battle ofs gettysburg and the tide of the war had turned and it looked like the union was going to win and lincoln talked about americans coming together as one people and celebrating with one voice. it's a lovely image and one that we could heed today. we definitely need it and then and we need it now. >> that's really terrific. >> powerful woman. >> when we took some questions from the audience. we have a quick couple of questions up here. >> he began by talking about yourself as an author. in the book you talk about the influence that sarah josepha hale had on what it means to be an author in america, i was wondering if you could talk a little bit more about that. >> before hale, being an author of the book was usually a private undertaking you either self publish or find somebody who would stake you and publish, for example, ÃÃfirst book of poetry was published by contributions from his fellow cadets at west point. hale's first book was published because of the freemasons, but the money. hale thought

i see this all the time on the battle of gettysburg. on that battlefield the majority of the more than 1000 monuments and markers remember the union regiments and units that fought there there are some acutely or union monuments. there's a monument to the 42nd new york very close to the angle on cemetery ridge and the monument to the 42nd new york shows an indian chief in a tv at your thinking wait a minute, did they get the wrong war and the answer is no. this was the tammany regiment raised by tammany hall and of course the symbol of tammany hall is chief tammany so you've got a monument anthere and people look at it and they say 42nd new york. the dedication ceremonies for that preached the justice and righteousness of the union cause and the people who directed that monuments were the veterans of the regiments and they were there saying yes, we were in the right. it was a moral cause. it was marvelous and wonderful and we embrace it. it's a monument to our troops . followed by the grandchildren of those soldiers. they come to gettys

i see this all the time on the battle of gettysburg. on that battlefield the majority of the more than 1,000 monuments and markers remember the union regiments and units that fought there. and there are some, there are some peculiar union monuments. there's a monument to the 42nd of new york very close to the angle on cemetery ridge -- [laughter] that that shows an indian chief and a tepee. you're thinking, wait a minute, they've got the wrong war? the answer is no, this was the tamany regiment raised by tammy hall and, of course, the symbol is chief tamany. people look at it and they say 42nd of new york. when that was put up, the dedication ceremonies preached the justice and righteousness of the unionon cause and of people who weree there saying, yes, that's right. we were in the right, it was a moral cause, it was marvelous and wonderful, and we embraced it.ca it's a memorial to our troops. all right. that generation dies off. another generation, they come to gettysburg, they look at that monument and they say that's a monument to t

together found that their fears and doubts were not so strong as their faith, and in national tryings like gettysburg, we memorialize the men on both sides who gave of themselves unreservedly for what they believed to be right. remember and be proud. >> we never really had a racial reckoning. the problem started first immediately after the war. if you want north and south to get together and get along again, you don't talk about causes and consequences. you talk about the mutual valor on that battlefield. >> why doesn't that confederacy, which only lasted four years, just go away? the racial reasons are paramount, but it also has do with this idea that the confederacy was a dissent. man, they went to the limit, and they deserve respect for all that courage. they claim after they lost that they were only reacting to the overreach of centralized federal power, and there's a kind of admiration for that still in our culture. ♪♪ >>> james mcgil settled this farm almost 200 years ago. i feel like i followed in his foot steps. my wife raised the children. i always ever worked. of course, the government

was the pennsylvania college not gettysburg college and the lutheran theological seminary in gettysburg. i have a 22-year-old officer. >> is one of functional arm frequencies literally leading a bunch of students who have never heard a shot fired in anger. what could go wrong? >> despite this, despite this he and the 26th pennsylvania 1863 and they're going to take up a position on marsh creek along cashtown north of gettysburg pennsylvania to face lee's keep looking out, looking to the west seeing a long column of guys clad in gray and butternut marching to you. they will be escorted by a battalion of the confederate calvary as they advanced to the pennsylvania countryside. in one of those weird twist of fate weird luck has a weird way of popping up in life and who's in the calvary show? none other than a large white. with two men representing loudoun county. one allowed and borne one but adopted to loudoun county. opposite sides of the battlefield. on luckily for luther slater i say what can be good and what can be bad. now you're turning it around your giving me a hard time for an. >

it is foremost in people's mind it's easier to memorize 270 towards gettysburg address and it's in the wake of world war i for a lot of interesting reasons it sort of begins to fade. and then the original america first movement of the isolationist and the one run up to world war ii by adopting the farewell address i think fundamentally creates a misimpression it's an isolationist document and its read from an american nazi rally in madison square garden will get to that later. >> will get the foreign policy soon. lindsey can you take us back to the 18th century and some of this language. john gives us a great way it speaks the 21st century. how would this have been read in september 1796? as you said there's an election just around the corner. >> yes i think as john alluded to at the very beginning, this was an intensely partisan will meet think about the challenges we are facing today in terms of misinformation and disinformation. party structures, nativism, fears about foreign interference all the things except they have not done it before. as joe talked about their students of histo

is made up of students from gettysburg college, what was the pennsylvania college, now gettysburg college and the lujan theological seminary in gettysburg. so you have a 22-year-old officer who has seen some experience, he's been horribly wounded in battle. >> he has one functional arm. >> yeah, he's literally going into battle with his arm in a sling almost a year after his wounding. leading a bunch of students who have never heard a shot fired in anger. and -- >> what could go wrong? >> what could go wrong? >> despite this, despite this he and the 26th pennsylvania are going to march out on the morning of june 26th, 1863, and they're going to take up a position on marsh creek along the cashtown pike west of gettysburg, pennsylvania, to face lee's battle hardened veterans of the army of northern virginia. so i can't even imagine what is going through this guy's mind that morning as you look out, looking to the west, you're seeing a long column of guys clad in gray and butternut and marching towards you. what slater had -- did not know is these were men of the corp, hardened veterans and

. >> a better book on gettysburg, what the world desperately needs. [laughter] but of course like everyone, you feel like you're doing this from a different angle and i think that william. and three confederates and - and the idea is that obviously highly biographical and a pickup on july 1st and rather it starts at the end of the campaign. and when we think about the operations we included stories of the rank and file you see the lives almost at that very moment, the point of contact. and rather of course the things that the men carried with him, and the long personal stories that they had and carried throughout the campaign rated so the idea is that these individuals will provide through which we can see broader issues at work and so many of these are cultural and social things and not deeply interested in and i think that throughout the campaign studies in a way that i will be doing the things that will does predict not going to do any evaluations, all of which i think are extraordinarily important and i think that this book will do people may be n

an active unthinking for learned charge like the light or gade in the crimea or perhaps a charge at gettysburg. it was a practical response to a swiftly unraveling circumstance and it was absolutely the right decision. any other decision would have led to chaos. he tried to turn around back down under the guns of those 42 pounders disaster. once through the minefield without any casualties of farragut squadron easily defeated the smaller confederate fleet and seized command of mobile bay. along with sherman's capture of atlanta farragut seizure of mobile bay help secure lincoln's re-election and i have always believed that as the single most turchie jackley impactful event of the civil war and lincoln's re-election in 1864. it's easy for me to hold up their gut is an example of good leadership for my midshipman my students of the war colleges while commanders and captains for his faithfulness to his mentor, for his instinctive and unthinking loyalty to his country and his quick thinking and a crisis. so what about this guy? i wanted to talk about nemitz this morning partly because he gets to t

he was not mobile and gettysburg wood was festering. he was unable to mount a horse. his men were marching under heat. he it was over 95 degrees that day and they were traversing poor roads and they had such faulty maps that one of his division francis barlow's who you see wandered up in the wrong direction got completely lost and would be out of action. it's not until 5:30 in the morning, 10:30 they start, 5:30 in the afternoon did the division begin to approach the confederate position. at that point couriers arrived from grant and smith urging hancock to support smith's impending attack. hancock is surprised by the urgency of these orders. he's under no illusion at this point that he's expected to participate in the fight and it was almost impossible to find out where smith wanted him to go. there was poor staff work and there were no maps so wartime is a lapse for this. now smith will finally be successful. he identified a routine that provided some depp allayed between battery six and seven. that's where highway 36 goes under the road and his plan was to send a r

. >> anthony: you were at the battle of tompkins square park, which is sort of the gettysburg of the lower east side. i remember it had essentially become clogged with nodding junkies, homeless people who set up permanent camps. >> clayton: it was dangerous. >> anthony: it was genuinely dangerous. when the police came down and decided to clean the park, the question is, who won? >> clayton: well, in the beginning, we did. >> it's our [ bleep ] park. it's our [ bleep ] park. it's our [ bleep ] park! >> clayton: you know you have to remember in 1988 they couldn't close a 10 1/2-acre square park on the lower east side. not with 450 riot cops, horses, helicopters. they couldn't do it. >> clayton: there were big bonfires on the middle of avenue a, buses couldn't come down, cars couldn't come down, they were stuck. >> anthony: you were on the news a lot, i remember, you were the most despised man in -- nypd, you were not their favorite photographer, let's put it that way. ♪ >> clayton: this went on for four years. there were multiple riots, hundreds of arrests. four years here of real, s

from why was gettysburg informed? two more years of war, more casualties after gettysburg and before gettysburg, or property destroyed and civilians turned homeless, what the heck gettysburg accomplish other than turning back a movement by lee? my was it. let's look at it as leave unit because we are heading to phase two of my copyrighted history of lee. this was his first crisis. as he saw it, he had every advantage in the campaign, he believed the time of the battle's soldiers were fit incompetent, he controlled the top of the campaign and battle forcing the enemy to react to him. he had several clear opportunities to smash the union army that he could not produce a decisive victory at the time made it very clear to him he could not do it at any time. how did we react? 1863, he resigned. jefferson davis refused to accept it but what stood out to me in his letter was when he said i cannot even accomplish what i myself and desire. we mentally regrouped and crafted himself a new mission in place of the great victory wi

i'll go back to gettysburg. why is it when we think about the summer of 1863 in pennsylvania, we think of them as a band of brothers. when it came to the temptation of taking against pennsylvania civilians, they resisted. why do we perfect over other facts? the army in northern virginia wasn't army, we know a few hundred if not more african-americans, they were sent back to the slave market in virginia. why when we got to gettysburg and look more, the man who shot at each other, they came to that spring and died not as enemies but american brothers. why does that prevail over matter? july 3 after they made a suicidal frontal attack having to leave their wounded in the middle of the field crying out through the the afternoon and when finally comrades went out to try to carry them off the field, what are the confederate duplex understandably so, they gunned down, shot down the men just trying to provide medical relief. why is it when we are at charge from you want to talk about his military career stressing he was

it was just after the battle of gettysburg. and the tide of the war had turned then it looked like the union was going to win. and lincoln talked about americans coming together as one people in celebrating as one voice. it's a lovely image and one that we could heed today. >> right. that's really terrific. >> hale was indefatigable. that she didn't give up and continue to write presidents during her life. johnson, grant, others. the tradition caught on. >> a powerful woman. that's terrific. why don't we take some questions from the audience. we have a couple of questions up here, we have mics. >> thank you so much, that was wonderful. you begin by talking about yourself as an author. and in the book you talk about the influence that josepha hale had on what it means to be an author. i was wondering if you talk more about that. >> before hale, being an author of a book was usually a private undertaking. it was -- you would either self publish or you would find somebody who would take you and publish. for example, the first book

beautiful proclamation which i urge you to go back and read, which it was just after the battle of gettysburg and the tide of the war had turned, it looked like the union was going to win. >> right. >> and lincoln talked about americans coming together as one people and celebrating with one voice. it's a lovely image and one that we could heed today. >> right. we desperately needed it then and need it now. that's right, that's terrific. >> after lincoln's death, hale was indefatigable. she didn't give up, she continued to write to the presidents for the rest of her life, that was johnson, grant, and then hayes, i believe. and they all followed suit. and by then, the tradition had caught on. >> powerful woman. terrific. all right. why don't we take some questions from the audience. we have a couple of questions up here. kirstin's got the mic. >> thank you very much, that was wonderful. you began by talking about yourself as an author. and in the book you talk about the influence that sarah josepha hale had on what it means to be an author in america. i was wondering if you could talk a little

day in a beautiful proclamation i urge you to go back and read, which it was just after the battle of gettysburg and the tide of the war had turned and looked like the union was going to win. lincoln talked about americans coming together as one people in celebrating as one voice. it's a lovely image in one that we could heed today. >> right. we . we desperately needed then and we need it now. that's terrific. >> and then after lincolns death, hale was indefatigable. she didn't give up. she continued to write to the president's for the rest of her life and that was johnson, grant and then hayes i believe, and that all followed suit. and by then the tradition had caught on. >> a powerful woman. that's terrific. why don't do we take somes from the audience? we have a couple questions appear. kirsten has the mic. >> thank you very much that was wonderful. she began by talking about yourself as an author, and in the book you talk about the influence that sarah josepha hale had being an influence on offer. what if you talk more about that? >> before hale, being an author of the book was usually a pri

so, it is in people's minds even those easier to memorize the gettysburg address. and world war i for a, lot of interesting reasons it sort of began to say, the original american movement and the run up to world war ii by adopting the farewell address. i think fundamentally, it created a missed impression that it's an isolated document and in the madison square garden, we will get to that but -- >> lindsey, can you take us back to the 18th century and some of this language. john, giving us a great way to speak to 24 century. but how this is been red in 96. like you, said there's an election just around the corner. >> yeah, i think as john alluded to at the very beginning this isn't intensely partisan when you think of the challenges that we face today in terms of misinformation and disinformation. when you think of all the things, they hadn't done it before. let's not forget the constitution. so, this government already constitutes a second chance of getting it right. so, one misstep would lead to the nation's -- washington share that fear during the debate that jo

it's wonderful to be here with everybody on the anniversary of the battle of gettysburg. over telling eric story here and a little bit. some food for thought as we get started, i would like all of you to think about what is friendship? who is your best friend and why are they your best friend? interestingly enough these are some of the key themes that emerged as were trying to explore the larger than life historical figure in the winners. i think an analogy here in gettysburg on july 2 is we should think of dick winters as a joshua chamberlain of world war ii. they can look at personalities, backgrounds, education, upbringing. these were two young men who were born of pacifist families. they had hard work and diligent attitude instilled in them as young men. they believed they could move through life promote themselves through life of higher education. neither of them had formal military education. and yet despite all of that they come to be some of the best-known officers and the iconic clashes of their generation. why is this so? popular culture has something to do with

like gettysburg and antietam battlefields have a battlefield setting up the coast of north carolina. this naval battlefield is where two world wars came home to america. the shipwrecks are great sites and memorials to heroes and fragile reminds us of our past and so much more. one of the things i really like to point out about the shipwrecks is obviously the history is amazing and the gravity of how these vessels were lost hits us hard. we want to tell the stories and honor the history and honor our veterans but we also look at it as a transition from weapons of war and they become habitat for marine life. they like to think of it as as an historian everyone wants to focus on history but we all know that's not true. some people dive in general just to see the marine life in these shipwrecks and these u-boats and allied anti-submarine vessels and these merchant ships these gigantic merchant ships on the seafloor are these beautiful homes from all sorts of marine life. we know when we find shipwrecks the fishermen nowhere these start. they are the first ones to know. that's where the f

of gettysburg, not the campaign. we will talk about the entire campaign not the infantry. i love the infantry but this is the role of cavalry. i mention a number of books on the civil war, these are the map studies and i'm constantly criticized about this one. there is not a lot of cavalry. couldn't fit. came out with this one that specializes, what i'm going to do today, i only have 45 minutes. i will go fast, talk about the multiple roles the cavalry played during the campaign of gettysburg and you will appreciate these guys more than you currently do. these guys are constantly in the saddle. the guys are constantly in motion doing a variety of activities. let's jump into it. you know these two gentlemen. two major generals, the army of the potomac cavalry, jeb stuart, his counterpart have been in command of their army's cavalry for over a year, they are experienced. they know potentially how to run a cavalry. the organization is very different. you see on the union side it is much more sophisticated. you have divi

it is wonderful to be here with everybody on the anniversary of the battle of gettysburg. we will be telling eric's story here in just a little bit, some food for thought as we get started, i would like all of you to think about, what is friendship? what is the value of friendship? who is your best friend and why are they your best friend? >> interestingly enough, these are some of the key names that are as we were trying to explore the larger than life historical figure in the form of major dick winters. i think an analogy here in gettysburg on july 2nd is that we should think of dick winters as the josh or what chamberlain of world war ii. we can think of this for a number of reasons, their personalities, their backgrounds, education, upbringing, these were two young men who were born of pacifist families, they had this hard work, diligent attitude instilled in them as young man. they believed they could move through life and promote themselves through life through the power of higher education. neither of them had formal military education, and yet despite all of that,

like gettysburg, we truly have a battlefield setting off the course of north carolina. those naval battlefields or where to world war's came home to america. the ship breaks are -- their grave sites, they are they are -- there so much more. one of the things i like to point out about these shipwrecks is that, obviously, the history is amazing. the gravity of how these vessels are lots his touch hard. we want to tell these stories, we want to honor our veterans. we also look at it as a transition from weapons to war to an oasis of life, they become habitats for marine life, i like to think as an archaeologist and historian, everybody wants to focus on history but we know that that is not true. some people love diving on shipwrecks just to see marine life. these marine marine, you boats, these submarine vessels, these merchant ships on the sea floor are beautiful homes for all sorts of marine life. we all know that when we go out to find shipwrecks, the fishermen obviously know where these ships are, they are often the first ones to know. many years before we do. this is

the third phase obviously is the battle of gettysburg. we're going to talk quickly about five different actions here. want you to think what are those five. don't tell me but see if you could figure out what those five were. most people are only going to come up with four. and the retreat. okay. and the retreat is fascinating. how does lee get those wagons back to virginia and how does the union army try to prevent the wagons from getting to virginia. so those are the things that we're going to talk about today. okay. here we go. now hopefully, could you all see the map? way back there. okay. i'm going to try to use my pointer, too. the army as you know we're talking about after chancellorsville, they're on either side of the rappahannock river and the beginning of june 1863. and pleasanton has been tasked by booker to determine where lee is moving. okay. and what is happening. now, their worried about stewart, jeb stewart is right here around brandy station. there is going to be a recognition to find out where the heck is stewart because

gettysburg. which in 1863 isn't exactly the best place to go if you're trying to avoid the civil war. >> lucky. >> so lucky. >> lucky luther. >> lucky, really. so he's a guy that really can't avoid the sense of duty, the sense of patriotism. and so as the confederate army, the army in northern virginia, is crossing the mason-dixon line, entering pennsylvania, he's going to offer his services to the governor of pennsylvania and he is going to receive a commission in the 26th pennsylvania emergency militia, specifically in company "a" of the 26th. and one of the reasons why this is so cool is company "a" is made up of students from gettysburg college, what was the pennsylvania college, now gettysburg college, and the lutheran theological seminary in gettysburg. here you have a 22-year-old officer who has seen some experience, he's been horribly wounded in battle. >> he has one functional arm. >> he has one functional arm. he's literally going into battle with his arm into a sling almost a year afte

and a beautiful acclamation which i urge you to go back and read and it was just after the battle of gettysburg and there was a time when the war had turned and it looks like a win and lincoln talks about americans coming together as one people celebrating with one voice. it is a lovely image and ones that we could see today. that is right. but after lincoln's death, he did not give up, she was beginning to write the president for the rest of her light in the consonant printed and take a believe and then they all followed suit and then by then the traditions have caught on. >> is a powerful's woman. horrific and when we take questions from the audience we have a couple of questions appear and there is the microphone. >> thank you very much, that was wonderful and he began by talking about yourself as an author. in the book, you talk about the influence that the helipad on what it means to be an author in america and was wondering if you could talk a little bit more about this yes, before hail, being an author was usually a pretty private undertaking and that it was neither self published or you

like gettysburg, we truly have a battle in north carolina. shipwrecks are gravesites, they're memorials to heroes, a fragile reminder of our past and so much more. one of the things i really like to point out about these shipwrecks is obviously the history is amazing. the gravity of how these vessels are lost hits us hard. we want to tell these stories, we want to honor the history heritage, honor our veterans. but we also look at it as they transition from weapons of war to oasis of life, and they become habitat for marine life. i would like to think as an arc arc -- archeologist of marine life, these giant merchant warships on the sea floor are beautiful homes for all sorts of marine life. we all know when we go to find shipwrecks, the fishermen always know where these wrecks are. they often know many years before we do because that's where the fish are. these vessels are very important for the coastal economies. the charter fishing and diving industries are relying on these shipwrecks, too, to help bring economic well-being to their commun

the battle of gettysburg. you don't think about the campaign as much. and we're going to talk about the entire campaign, not the infantry. i love the infantry, but this is the role of calgary. i have written as tammy mentioned a number of books on the civil war. these are some of the maps studies, and i'm constantly criticized about this one. i love this book. i love them all. they're all my children. there's not a lot of calvary. couldn't put them in. couldn't fit. so i came out with this one that just specializes on the calvary in the gettysburg campaign. what i'm going to do today, the major thing, i've only got about 40, 45 minutes so i'm going to go fast, is going to talk about the multiple roles that the calvary played during the campaign of gettysburg. and i think you're going to appreciate these guys much more than you currently do. these enjoys are constantly in the saddle at least infantry got to rest. these guys are constantly in motion in a variety of attacks. you know these two gent lmen, alfred p

gettysburg. but for right now, in 1861, it's literally the biggest thing he's happened since manassas. so it does make a big difference, it makes an impact on the lives of people here in loud loudoun. there is a funeral procession, a band plays, and in jackson another parade takes his body home to his wife and children. his death also leaves his family in a tight spot. erasmus was the youngest of the sons of the family, didn't have a lot of resources. so there isn't even a headstone on his grave for about 50 years after he dies. but that doesn't mean that he was forgotten. because in fact, virginia miller kept carrying him in her memory. and she wasn't the only one either. there are some interesting little pieces as we go forward in the war that make one think that his memory stayed alive. for example, in 1864, there was a william henry luce who was imprisoned on johnson island. and he wrote to a friend of his, someone he knew, talking about his old friends. so william henry luce at that time was