europe is at the center of it . and we have this long expensive bipartisan effort, bipartisan struggle and we win a. and now 34 years later, europe and the united states are drifting apart. we have they have a president over there now talking about coming together on climate change. forgive me. i don't want to become partisan. so the soviet union would have fallen anyway and we waste a lot of time and money and the europeans are european, they just clung to us for those decades because we were protecting them against the soviets and it was all just disappointing. will? >> i share a lot of concerns and jamie is along the lines of trying to stand up for transatlantic values and maintain the atlantic alliance and it goes beyond leader to leader relations but it's about the shared values and commitments with korean and american people and one of the research for that is the history of working together first to defeat nazi tyranny and defeat soviet tyranny but each generation in some way needs to relearn those lessons. y

he is an important figure in the history of europe, not just in history of sweden and scandinavia. after his tragic death on the battlefield, in 1632, he leaves behind his swedish military machine and his successors, the rulers of sweden find it incapable of resisting using in the wars of conquest against their neighbors. those will culminate as i explained in the book with the wars of king charles the 12th of sweden and his successive wars against his neighbors in northern europe, and army and begin a military genius of such caliber that he was able to take on and defeat the germans, the pulse, the russians and the danes all at once. through this capacity and in the vision of ambitious men like king adolphus and charles the 12th, sweden and scandinavia become major powers in europe and become players and power politics all through the 18th century into the holy on a course. but they pay a price -- polyphonic wars. that is the rest of scandinavia loses out on the big sweeping social and economic changes that are taking place across the rest of europe, the result is a by the mid-19t

that is a big open session in german society. >> so how do we evaluate the american effort in europe during the cold war? for decades begins a tremendous and runs through george h.w. bush the cold war is global there is vietnam and korea europe is at the center of the enemy have a long bipartisan effort a struggle as kennedy calls it and now 34 years later europe and the united states are drifting apart there's a president over there talking about coming together on climate change. forgive me. i don't want to become partisan, that the soviet union would have fallen and then to waste time and money and the europeans are european they just clung to us for those decades because we are protecting them against the soviets. is just disappointing. >> i share a lot of concerns and opinions trying to stand up for trans-atlantic values and of course it even goes beyond those values of european and american people so the research is that history but then with soviet journey. that they need to learn those lessons because they did talk about american policy things i want to highlight to pick up o

i think it's more interesting to compare is the effect on europe and the united states because europe was actually appalled by what trump was doing in many respects. they are quite open to working with china on the pandemic and china's actions and diplomacy in propaganda during the course of the pandemic usually alienated them. so, that i think gives you a more clear illustration of how counterproductive it actually was. >> of course australia which initially called for the international investigation certainly had whatever exports to china, uranium, whatever it might be. >> right and australia was a really interesting canary in the coal mine in terms of u.s. china relations 2020 because china kept tightening the screws on them because of the investigation and also because of a number of other things that they were doing in terms of combining political interference and you know on the 5d side so there-- that was very tense throughout the year end of course australia had its own you know unique almost unique experience. >> so, you mentioned that we know that china isn't going to cooper

some in europe my biography did say mike, really? i think that's what it is. i spent so much time with him for three or three and half years i still enjoy reading about him talking about him, i love talk about this book. the something that makes him an appealing person. i think it has continued on through the years. >> i think one of they do stay with you i imagine bill accenting a child off to college. he saw them living their lives they look happy needing new people but you don't stop thinking about them. and that's it's really interesting. i don't think you consciously followed or tried to betray these rules of the biography you just naturally told the story so allowed yourself to treat them and engage as an actual person no one wants to share their letters and diaries from when they are teens but. >> lafayette as a teenager is great it's one of my favorite moments in his life. i would love to write a sitcom about lafayette as a teenager. go ahead. >> were going to get back to that, hold that thought. i was thinking you often will use these in metaphors and

and the united states because europe was actually appalled by what trump was doing in many respects. they were quite open to working with china on the pandemic, and china's actions and its wolf warrior diplomacy and propaganda during the course of the pandemic hugely alienated them and cause real change in europe in terms of their attitude towards china, and so that gives you a clearer sort of illustration of how counterproductive it actually was. >> and, of course, australia which initially called for the international investigation exports to china, banned wine, uranium, whatever it might be, they just stopped buying them. >> right, and australia was a really interesting canary in the coal mine the route in terms of u.s.-china relations, throughout 2020 because china kept tightening the screws on the because of the call for the investigation and also because a number of other things that they were doing in terms of combating illegal interference, you know, on the 5g side. so there was, that was a very tense throughout the year. and then of course australia had its own almost unique

stalin has all of eastern europe and central europe as well. everything will focus on the city of berlin because stalin is controlling east germany. it is agreed to victorious allies, the brits and russians will share control of berlin but berlin sits squarely in the soviet control area of occupied germany. the tension and potential disaster and fallout that can happen, be set by the geographical position of berlin so western allies coming into the city are entirely surrounded by territory controlled by stalin's red army. that is the setting for everything that will happen. it is a fabulously dramatic story that will unfold. >> really is a fascinating situation. one of the great things about the book is giles makes clear what the stakes are right away. we understand on the human level the interpersonal conflicts and larger things that are at stake. you mentioned stalin is a character in the book and other villainous characters with helpful name recognition and real heroes that are fun to cheer for. names i haven't heard before but came to love

he's cap the whole of much of central europe as well. everything is going to focus on the city of berlin because it's controlling youth germany but he's going to agree with the allies that's the american, britts and russians are going to share control of berlin. but berlin fits squarely inside the soviet control area of occupy germany so the tensions and potential disasters and fallout that can happen set by the geographical set of berlin, you have question allies coming into the city but entirely surrounded by territory controlled by stalin's army. thus the setting for everything that's going to happen and that is a dramatic story that's going to unfold. >> and it really is a fascinating situation and i get from one of the great things of the book, giles makes it clear so we know how important the showdowns are so we understand on a human level the interpersonal conflict but also the larger things at stake. i am curious, you mentioned song is definitely a character, there's a lot of billet here with recognition and real heroes, such fun

denmark austria and france radical change that you political map of europe. in some ways we still live with it. that's what china is best strategy would be. best military strategy if you're thinking i would take down these vulnerable part of the coalition is fed a complete. which is again the don't want to start a huge war. they want a small focused war and then we and the rest of our partners and l is this a good side where going to limit it. i grant the version of what the russians did incarnate. it's possible we and others might decide to live with that. so there's more than just facebook post it sounds like. >> that's right. >> in your book you talk a lot about allies and really like the discussion because there's a lot more granular than we normally get about the norm the argument allies are someone pulls out a winston churchill come very handy i forget which it about allies many people say more allies you have the better, in the discussion could you ever advise a more nuanced approach talking about especially in the western pacific about how some allian

and avoid to see this with regard to the use of energy in europe as well when it gets cold and the other thing in china, i think we have to be t careful not to overstate what china is, they have a lot of internals that come to roast here. there's one child policy was established years ago making china the oldest country in the world and that's going to impact their workforce and a lot of other things but there's a lot of things that we will preclude china from achieving their goals and the one that i want to emphasize and this is one for the pentagon can play as well as in the cybersecurity arena. and recently the washington post they highlighted the defense official who said that the war on cybersecurity with china has already been lost. i spent a fair amount of my time on cybersecurity issues and i can tell you with certainty that is not lost. i know a lot about the technologies that were working on and i believe that if we apply ourselves and organize ourselves in a better way to take this fight on that that united states can be the global leader on cybersecurity issues. and render ou

we will see in regard to this in europe as well when it gets cold. the other thing is china, i think we have to be careful not to overstate what china is, china has internal threats coming to roost here. we are -- there one child policy years ago is making china the oldest country in the world and that will impact their workforce and other things so there's a lot of things that will preclude china from achieving their goals but one i want to emphasize, this is where the pentagon grows is cybersecurity arena. recently the washington post, they highlighted resignation for the defense official who said war on cybersecurity work china has already lost. i spent a fair amount of my time on cybersecurity issue. constantly it is not lost. if we apply ourselves and organize ourselves, the better way which to take on this fight, the u.s. can be the global leader on cybersecurity issues and render ourselves relatively impenetrable and completely secure in a relatively short period of time and provide that capability to our friends and allies so this is a near-t

for four long years, much of europe had been under a terrible shadow. free nations had fallen, jews cried out in the camps, millions cried out for liberation. europe was enslaved, and the world prayed for its rescue. here in normandy, the rescue began. here the allies stood and fought against tyranny in a giant undertaking unparalleled in human history. we stand on a lonely, win-swept point on the northern -- wind-swept point on the northern shore of france. the air is soft, but 40 years ago at this moment the air was dense with smoke and the cries of men, and the air was filled with the crack of rifle fire and the roar of cannon. at dawn on the morning of the 6th of june, 1944, 225 rangers jumped off the british landing craft and ran to the bottom of these cliffs. their mission was one of the most difficult and daring of the invasion, to climb these sheer and is desolate cliffs and take out the enemy guns. the allies had been told that some of the mightiest of these guns were here, and they would be trained on the beaches to stop the allied advance. th

but jane addams did a tour of europe when she was a young woman after seminary. not to radcliffe but a seminary a small women's college and was horrified by what they saw in europe. she toured the tenement district in london and felt the people she saw they were hardly even people. she likened them to animals. she said this is not rights. this is the modern world because of course it was the modern world to her. there's no way and a modern world people should live like this. but exactly what one could do about it was not clear. she eventually does what one would expect. she turns to her social network, to a woman named ellen gates starr. the two of them began to talk about how women could have an effect on the terrible condition created by the urbanization and industrialization of america rather than europe. because i have shown you pictures here, this is five points and again when these great pictures, five points as the region of new york the area of new york that is famous for gangs in new york. famous for the most dangerous part of new york. here's another im

. >> so in europe or in america. >> so let's move on and talk about china. that is something as a former israeli ambassador something that you know well. so with the general perception with the un china competition but specifically how you see israel within that competition. we can start whatever way you are more comfortable with let's start with the big picture. as you look at this now in the wake of the afghan withdrawal, how do you assess this competition? what are your concerns? who is winning and losing and what is the nature of the fight? >> the fight is just a competition but it is not my area of expertise. i think this is the most fascinating story in the next few years. and i think that and then to have a different view but i all understand. is there by superpowers or small countries. but then all the time to our friends in china when it comes to security we will always be in the camp of america it doesn't mean that we don't have some relationship with china. but the more you say that at least we know of the situation. what you have seen and i think

bill passed june 1944 it was almost one more before the year in europe and against japan so it gave the v.a. plenty of time to spread the word and printed up all sorts of pamphlets and within the military they are counseling session to foreign servicemembers so great effort was made to get the word out and educate about the new benefit programs there would be available to them when they got out of the service so again just different ways to inform people or. the military personnel. >> i agree with you. that definitely did help o at the end of the war one year out. katie, are there any resources that you recommend for the v.a. hospital and the programs for world war ii veterans? >> there is a publication called medical care for veterans that ' came out in the seventies or thehe eighties it's very informative but it is a little dry and in-depth but i highly recommend the book the greatest generationn come home how servicemen readjusted at the end of the second world war and also the memoir itself is a great resources on —- a great resource. >> . >> a book i strongly recommend is the g.i

as much as possible and in europe. you're going to see this this winter with regard to his use of energy. in europe as well when it gets cold. the other thingin china , i wouldn't, i think we have to be careful not to overstate what otchina is. china has a lot of internal threats when it comes to roost here. there one child policy established years ago is making china the oldest country in the world and that's going to impact their workforce and a lot of other things so there's a lot of things that will preclude china from achieving their goals but one that i want to emphasize is and this is one where the pentagon can play a big role is in the cyber security arena. recently the washington post and other papers highlighted the resignation of a defense official who said that goldwater, the war on cyber security with china is already lost. and i spent a fair amount of my time on cyber security issues. i can tell you mowith certainty that it is not lost. i know a lot about the technologies that we're working on and i belie

military in the middle east and europe to help facilitate the flow but dod is in support and that and what you are seeing is an ability to bring folks through the state department process for providing documentation, ensuring documentation is accurate, a dhs process review to ensure the r right people are coming out and dod is providing some of the backdrop, we are not the ones lifting out. the other major thing i would like is standing up of the commercial side of the airport and it's an effort underway third countries are working on with the state department to get that airport up and operational it if you combined the ability for commercial aircraft to come through and without coming to u.s. military, just going through commercial air traffic and the ability of the state department to provide continuing support for the visa process and validation, that all becomes -- you can see the ability of the process to work with the u.s. boots on the ground or being involved in that process. >> okay, we will leave afghanistan now. let's talk broadly, what is your personal role in nuclear mode

today about the united states of america, but there are politicians in media and appointed people in europe that can at the same conversation, asia. this is a worldwide situation going on. >> speaking of worldwide, china leads the world in manufacturing with more than 25% of the world's production. what does the united states need to do to be more competitive locally? is it all of those things you talking about or pieces you have not mentioned yet? >> not to sound critical of my predecessors in the past but we should never have gotten out of the industry you think about manufacturing. you see the need for companies in the united states of america to build solar panels. even though we want to be the world when it comes to clean energy and judging our economy our sources of power, we got out of that industry. when the president laid down his plan for increases in manufacturing, buying american, building american, this is going to take a bit of time moving forward. in america we have the technology, ingenuity, and brainpower to be competitive with any country in the world. ms. >> this is a --

for four long years, much of europe had been under a terrible shadow. three nations had fallen. jews cried out in the camps, millions cried out for liberation. you are up was enslaved in that world trade for its rescue. here in normandy, the rescue began. here, the eliza stood and fought against tierney and a giant undertaking unparalleled in human history. we stand on a lonely wind swept point on the northern shore of france. the air is soft but 40 years ago at this moment, the air was dense with smoke and the cries of a man in the air was filled with the crack of a rifle fire and the roar of cannons. at dawn, on the morning of the sixth of june covid 194-4225 rangers jumped off the british landing craft and ran to the bottom of these cliffs. their mission was one of the most difficult and daring of the invasion. to climb these sheer and desolate shifts and take out the enemy guns. the allies have been told some of the mightiest of these guns were here. they will be trained on the beach is to stop the allied advance. the rangers looked up and saw the enemy soldiers at the edge

europe is hardly a theocracy these days. if we had say a limit on abortion of 20 weeks, that would be 95 percent of abortions would still occur and the temperature would go down. >> .you're saying it would be worth it to split the difference. >> basically i'm for splitting differences. >> it would be decided by the court. >> they're terrified roe versus wade might be overturned by nine legislators in this country a lot of who say they won't overturn roe versuswade but in their heart of hearts say spare me that . a lot of americans think if you overturn roe versus wade abortion would be illegal. not true, all we do is established a status quo and reestablish abortion as a subject regular bowl bystate law. and you'd have vast differences . you have one abortion regime in louisiana and one in new york and they bear no resemblance to one another. >> i know a lot of people on the left were in favor of all of the above abortion rights. if you want to put it that way are looking forward to this because they believe it will energize

it's one kind of western colonialism that started in the 15th century with the paper bowl the law of europe at the time was from the holy see that was international law so that law 1453 good portugal it was normally estate it was a monarch the right to invade, occupy africa and enslave all the people, that was the beginning of the slave trade lives was the main slave market in the mediterranean. but then columbus voyage in 1492 commissioned by the monarchs of spain that the year after 1492 in 1493 the same kind of paper bowl gave all of the western hemisphere to the spanish monarchs to enslave all the people and to own all the properties by the notion of discovery to the doctrine of discovery that's really what it became which is still the law in the united states and most of western europe, it is still the law even now today this medieval paper bowl is inscribed in the u.s. law through the supreme court decisions made in the 1830s. center colonialism is a type of european colonialism it already existed because for two centuries they colonized ireland and they were introduced and settler co

. >> john adams look like he did all the hard work in europe and here but it seemed like he was the bulldog doing all of the work. [laughter] >> thank you bruce pretty. >> people doubt it monticello want to agree with you down but i am an adams fan and david and i testify before some committees in congress front again a monument or memorial. and i have been public said that i believe there ought to be an adams memorial on the tidal basin as sufficient distance from the jefferson boylston listening take turns casting shadows over each other's faÇades. an adams was long overdue and i don't want him to be replaced by jefferson and i think that the correspondence in the twilight years, between 1812 - 1826, is the culminating correspondence of the revolutionary generation and some sense, the revolution is not complete until those two people are together. so i want to leave jefferson on mount rushmore and there's no place of their for adams but i don't think that any kind of stone monument with do adams justice nobles has to be flesh and blood but i appreciate the man's interest in adam's memory

we used to lead the world and educational achievement and economic cooperation and development in europe ranks america 35 out of 37 major companies and it comes to investing in early childhood education and talk about an ualizer in the world that has been studies you give a kid no matter the background from a broken home, or mom or dad didn't go to school, you put them i school and increase by 50, not daycare, increased by 56% the chance that they will completed 12 years of school and build confidence. what's education all av>bout, is confidence. it's about giving the tools■Ñ to do something. we can't be competitive in the economy to continue to slide the way that we have. that's why resolved that we have to once again build america from the bottom up, not the top down. and i am a capitalist. you can be a millionaire or billionaire, fine, just do your fair share. trickle-down economics has a de. it's not hyperbole. i mean, it from the bottom of my heart that's why i proposed the two critical pieces of legislation being debated in washington. there's some really smart national press wi

with john quincy adams having all his adventures in europe while the status trying to stay here long, lafayette earlier around for sigh, give us a good team story. >> salafi atgi tom's, so is baxr is -- salafi yet come he says rusty noble, a rich orphan who grew up in the equivalent of sticks come he was a lord. he lived in the manner has come lived in a big house of the small village but he's from just a small village, even today nothing particularly populated part of the france. the moves to paris and winds up marrying into one of the richest and most powerful families in france and it's like, they're basically second only to the bourbon dynasty, the royal family themselves in terms of their wealth and power, importance and place. lafayette enters this world and it's just, he just doesn't quite fit in. in. his manners are bit more bumbling. he barely clearly went through a growth spurt were he was physically awkward as he is going puberty and transitioning into being someone who could carry around he was kind of a bigger guy. and so he comes into this world and he has to hang with b

[laughter] so he actually had been all around europe and he wanted to assimilate rank and he thought he was the person that would be named commander-in-chief and there are others as well. and he does not think the americans could when fighting in a traditional big style honey think the americans should be using this guerrilla militia style in fact, they even retreat west and the british chase them. so think of washington as being fundamentally opposed to this in washington uses multiple styles and is very much trying to hide from the war on the traditional european-style. there are a few reasons why and one of them is he's concerned with reputation and how this revolution went internationally and if they are fighting, the fighting in a civilized way and they will be respected. it and they are not, they may not gain alliances or support from this. and so there's this difference of opinion that these two will clash many times throughout the revolution. ultimately, washington proves successful but that is a story that comes anyway, washington is going to be in command and he is going to

and here, that's true with china, but china's trade with europe is very, very important. china's trade in the indo-pacific area is important and therefore, that's why i think this allied approach is critical now and we're 30 years past japan-u.s. discussions and that's why this has to be a multilateral approach. and the democracies have to take the lead and that's why i believe it will be stronger. you asked for assessment where we are. i think that progress was made. i credited steve mnuchin and mike pompeo in my remarks for really making progress in some areas on telling this story. technology being probably the top and you deal with that greatly in your report. this is the concern of the military leaders in our free countries as well as the private sector use and you touched on ai and biotechnology, for example, in the trump administration you certainly saw this allied concensus centered around what? telecommunications. as i've said on the house floor one day, there's a right way and a huawei to handle telecommunications policy. you've seen japan, u.s., now the u.k. un

europe itself soviets put in missiles, short range missiles to destroy nato trust winning the cold war's battle of approaching missiles, nobody remembers a today, it was so important because soviets figured they had short-term missiles aimed at europe, europeans would no longer trust the u.s. to defend them if there was nuclear tax because we wouldn't risk the destruction of the united states swords kiwi get short-term missiles stationed in germany which no surprise they resist by the soviet union they have opposition germany and elsewhere thanks to the strength of the united states became apparent. were on the march again on the nation of innovation and growth we have been in the 50s and 60s enabled the chancellor and believe the rest would be there so the missile started great soviet to win the cold war ended. a strong economy means a strong country, it doesn't mean we don't make mistakes but the world's plot a strong leader. a civilized leader, one believed in human freedom so all the complaints from europeans in the u.s., they fear the u.s. not being strong in the world. in a dark wh

jane adams did a tour of europe, to assemble an area a small college and was horrified by what she saw because she toward the tenement district in london and felt the people she saw were hardly people, she likened them to animals and she said this is not right. this is the modern world because it was the modern world to her and there is no way in a modern world that people should live like this but exactly what one could do about it was not clear. she eventually does what one would expect, turns to her social network to a woman named dylan gates star and they talk about how women could have an effect on the terrible conditions created by the urbanization and industrialization of america rather than europe. because pictures here, this is 5 points and 5 points again, the area of new york that is famous. for the most dangerous part of new york is another image of 5 points so the question is what can sheltered middle-class, usually white not always been usually white women do to ameliorate the conditions, they can't vote, they're not involved in the economy, what can they do to stop americ

was it shipped north, south, east, west, downriver, was it sold in europe? >> the cotton business did benefit nashville. the cotton business really made memphis. memphis would not have really become such a big city had it not been for cotton. but people very close by raised cotton from time to time. they certainly were raising a good bit and rutherford county and in williamson county and the county south of williamson county. there was a lot of cotton raised and was brought up here to nashville to be shipped out to market on the steamboats. so cotton really had an effect,, and we have need here because we have got people coming in. we also have need for things to buy. and so you will see market streets having all manner of implements and leather shops and will shops at all sorts of things for people who are coming in. now another important crop year, also labor-intensive, also required a good number of enslave people, was the tobacco business. and particularly robertson county, , sumner county, those counties along the kentucky border really began raising a

this are politicians and media and appointed people in europe that can have the same conversation, in asia have the same conversation, this is a worldwide situation that's going on. >> and speaking of worldwide, china, china leads the world in manufacturing with more than a quarter of the world's production, so what can the united states -- well, actually, what does the united states need to do to be more competitive globally? is it all of those things you're talking about or are there pieces you haven't mentioned yet? >> not to sound critical of my predecessors in the past here, we should have never gotten out of the industry when you think about manufacturing. we should have stayed in the industry. you see in the solar panel space alone, the need for, we have, you know, a couple of companies in the united states of america that build solar panels and we're so dependent on china for solar panels even though we want to lead the world when it comes to clean energy and changing our industry and moving forward, changing our sources of power. we got out of that industry so that's why it's

europe itself, the soviets put in short range missiles to really destroy nato, which was an alliance that enabled us to win the cold war, but the whole battle of the missiles, nobody remembers it today, larry, but that was so important because the soviets figured if they had short-term missiles aimed at europe, the europeans would no longer trust the u.s. to defend them if there was a nuclear attack because we wouldn't risk the utter destruction of the united states. so it was key that we get short-term missile stationed in germany, which no surprise was fiercely resisted by the soviet union. they got opposition in germany and elsewhere, but thanks to the strength, the evident strength of the united states in early 80s became apparent we were on the march again, that we're a nation of innovation and confidence and growth that we had been in the 50s and 60s. that was back again. that enabled chancellor [inaudible] to believe the u.s. was going to be there and so the missiles got in, and the great soviet gamut to win the cold war ended. so a strong economy means a strong country. it do

bill passed in june of 1944 that was a good, you know, almost year before the war in europe ended and, you know, the war against japan continued until -- it gave v.a. just plenty of time to spread the word about the men if fits. so i think printed up all sorts of pamphlets distributed to service members within the military, kind of, like, counseling sessions to inform service members of the different benefits programs. great effort was made to kind of get the word out and to educate military personnel about these new benefit programs that'd be available to them when they got out of the service. they also printed out promotional materials, posters that they plastered all over the walls. so, again, different ways to, again, to influence people, to inform the military personnel. >> absolutely. and i agree with you, that definitely did help with the end of the war about a year out. so, katie, are there any resources or publications you can recommend for folks to learn more about the v.a. hospitals and the programs that were developed for world war ii veterans? >> absolutely. so there's a

i say that being in europe now. of course, the world is looking at what the united states is doing both in terms of strengths coming out of silicon valley, but the harms and the ripple effect around the world. it is important to hear this from professors at the very university that has birthed so many big tech ideas, leaders, his nest models, technology and disruptions. i have had the pleasure of seeing and hearing bits of the analysis that you can all now read the involving over the past year and a half or so. i had the pleasure of s lecturing and that popular class that was just mentioned. teaching together on ethics and technological change. some of you may know the public and policy is especially close to my heart and high on my priority list. i hope we can learn more today in this conversation about how private governance may indeed have this as such. of course, how we can repair the broken machinery. to start us off, i would like to invite each of you to previously share what you see as the system error. i wou

jon quincy adams having all of his misadventure in europe lafayette earlier give us a good story. >> soto lafayette comes his back story is he is this rustic noble he is a rich orphan who grew up in the equivalent of the sticks he was a lord he lived in the manor house of the small village but is from this small village and today is not a particularly populated part of france who moves to paris and winds up marrying into 1e the most richest and powerful families in france. their second only to the bourbon dynasty the royal family o themselves in terms of their wealth, power, importance and place. lafayette enters this a world and he just does not quite fit in. his manners are bit more bubbly. he very clearly went through a growth spurt or he was physically awkward going through rupert puberty he was kind of a bigger guy. he has to hang with basically the rich kids the rich click at school. this is kind of a tale we are all very familiar with. someone who's coming to summit ridge high school and is now suddenly trying to hang out with the jocks and the captain of the football team and

somebody coming from europe, what do they need to show? >> new procedures will come in place shortly where they'll need to show they're vaccinated and have had a test within a certain number of hours prior to flight. >> and somebody coming from canada, what do they need to show? >> the same, sir. >> by air. >> same thing. >> somebody crossing the border from the south, what do they need to show? >> they don't need to show the same things coming from the southwest border, and this is also based on advice we've received from the centers for disease control. >> so the centers for disease control seems to think that somehow the virus somehow is more contagious coming from europe and from canada than it is coming from the southern border, which kind of blows up the whole argument about following the science, doesn't it? >> sir, i'm not a medical expert. >> no, no, sir, that's not for you. that's my comment. the whole thing about following the science is a bunch of hooey if we tell canadians that they have to be vaccinated and show a proof of ne

this is something that i believe that, this is an ongoing process and we share in our experiences from europe and from the u.s., and to develop and to design the most effective systems. >> great. the social media was on my list and i was going to ask you all, you don't have to answer. does it count as critical infrastructure? some people would say yes and more importantly, what you brought up to interdependency, and one of those, with the silos, i have the advice in big companies and you need electricity, you need water, you need other things, for them to deliver. it was a telecom company, for them to deliver the service, so interdependency among critical infrastructures, probably a point where it's exploring. sebastian, let me get your take on this. >> thank you. and what is my experience, cooperaing with the critical infrastructure companies, and critical services company. what i see, first of all, the difference of maturity. and so financial system, and energy, and energy sector, and financial sector is much more mature than, for example, transport sector or health sector. , for example, b