. >> roger, we copy. >> 205 at 20,100. james: historian james michener in an address to congress says, there are moments in history when challenges occur of such a compelling nature that to miss them is to miss the whole meaning of an epic. space is such a challenge. ♪ >> i am james michener. for most of my working years on this planet, i've been chronicling the rise and fall of human systems. if there is one thing i'm convinced of from years of studying history, it's that enemies do not destroy nations, time and the loss of will brings them down. to see that this does not happen to this nation of ours, the united states cannot retreat from the challenge of our age. each era of human history progresses to a point at which it is eligible to wrestle with the great problem of that period . for the ancient greeks, it was the organization of society. for the medievalists, the spelling out of their relationship to god. for the men of the 15th and centuries, the mastery of the 16th oceans. and for us, it is the determination of

the eagle has landed. >> roger, tranquility. we copy you on the ground. we have a bunch of guys about to turn blue. we're breathing again. thanks a lot. >> and did you -- were you interested in outer space before you came into this area or what? >> this might sound silly to you but i wanted to be an astronaut since i was 8, truth be known. i think i've come as close as i might get having been in the space shuttle as a payload specialist. i might have a chance because now i'm the principal investigator on a series of flight experiments, and in the shuttle program the plan is to choose one investigator from all the teams and all the experiments that have been accepted. -- on the flights to go on board as a payload specialist. it's a one-shot astronaut. >> why would you want to -- why would you want to be an astronaut? >> that's a strange question. why do you want to be a director? i want to be an astronaut because i want to go outside the world and look down at it. i want to look out the window. i want to know what it feels like -- it just struck me as some

roger was a longtime colleague of mine at the wall street journal. i first went to afghanistan in 1985, 1986 when i took one of the troops behind soviet alliance with the mujahideen. and i really learned to love the afghan people and heroism. the country has come so far, yet has so far yet to go. these are crucial months ahead, perhaps not helped by the nature of september 11th, but that really depends on us. it depends on the transatlantic community, depends on the countries in the region, plus it depends on the afghan people and pakistan, of course. i really want to thank everyone who came here today, want to thank the co-chairs and ambassador cunningham and i want to thank's america, our own team, the director -- and of course steven hines and the rock about rockefeller brothers foundation for their help in this ongoing work. i work in afghanistan does not end here, can't and here. we want to continue to be a leading voice and shapingse thes so much to be done not just for the good of the afghan people that for the region and the importance in the

. >> roger. ♪ >> what kind of person goes to work for nasa? when the space shuttle was first tested at the flight research center in southern california, a lot of people did not know that the director of the shuttle operations was a soft-spoken, highly qualified former air force test pilot. mr. gillam was born in washington, d.c. as a kid he liked to, lots of -- liked math, lots of math. he built model airplanes and dreamed of flying. >> as far as i'm concerned is what i did is pursue an interest that i had a lot of enthusiasm about, flying airplanes, rockets in space as that evolved, and my joining nasa was relatively natural because i was interested in these types of things. [engine sounding] >> and my evolution within the organization has probably been as natural as anything might be. we now have black astronauts and female astronauts, which is indicative of the agency's concern and desire to provide opportunities to everyone who wishes to participate in these types of activities. >> we have offered our expertise to them. >> are they simila

some describing him as will rogers with hud spa. do you not just, and that venerable washington wise man once called buck walled, the greatest satirist an english language since pope and swift. the acclaim novelist james mitch nurse said buchwald had one of the sharpest which he had ever known. as many admirers included poet robert frost and supreme court justice william or douglas, who once, if you could possibly believe it cited a buck wild column in one of his u.s. supreme court opinions. much like mark twain, james the kykrv parker anl rogers art buchwald was truly an american legend. and to his credit, bought his barbs could get a chuckle out of politicians from all sides of the political spectrum. from william f buckley to arthur slush unger, to john f. kennedy, to dwight eisenhower, to ronald reagan. senator barry goldwater, the arch conservative senator from arizona, once told buchwald, you are one of those people who have the ability to make us think, make us laugh, make us cry, and love our fellow man. and for that, i than

the power of his wit was legendary, some describing him as will rogers. dean at chinson once called him the greatest satirist in the english language since pope and swift. acclaimed novelist james mitchner said he had one of the sharpest wits he had ever known. his admirers included robert frost and william douglas who once cited a column in one of his u.s. supreme court opinions. much like mark twain, james they shaller, dorothy parker and will rogers, art buchwald was truly an american legend. and to his credit, his barbs could get a chuckle out of politicians from all sides of the political spectrum. from william f. buckley, to john f. kennedy to dwight eisenhower to ronald reagan. senator barry gold water from arizona once told buchwald, you are one of those people who have the ability to make us think, make us laugh, make us cry and love our fellow man, and for that, i thank you. but who was art buchwald the man? before talking about his extraordinary life and career, i'd like to play a clip from a radio interview he did in new york city in 1964. thi

. >> roger. >> ready for the wraparound 201. >> what kind of person goes to work at nasa? windows space shuttle was first -- when the space shuttle was first tasted, a lot of people did not know that the director -- when the space shuttle was first tested, a lot of people did not know that the director was soft-spoken isaac dylan. as a kid, he liked math. he built model airplanes and dreamed of flying. >> i pursued an interest. i had a lot of enthusiasm about flying airplanes, rockets, and space. joining nasa was relatively natural because i was interested in these things. my evolution within the organization has been as natural as anything might be. we now have black astronauts and female astronauts, which is indicative of the agency's desire to provide opportunities to everyone who wishes to produce pate -- participate. >> similar to a lunar lander? >> except that it is mobile. it is similar to the lunar rover. it comes down in a capsule and deploys into its flight configuration and flies several thousand feet above the mars surface. we can explore about 4000 miles of th

again, lilian rogers parks renest. he claimed today know the exact formula of his martinis because it had been conjured up by a -- his son, jimmy, like the mild martini. -- then johnny demanded to be heard, he insisted on a martini so dry it could be mistaken for sand. the formula of seven to one. all this time the president was seriously mixing, mysteriously mixing vermouth and gin so that nobody could see what his formula was. when he was finished, he would say that as a chairman of the committee he had the power to decide the ultimate taste of a martini. he would austin team chilly add -- to his concoction. people aghast at the concoction were not sure they want to the martini after. all missy would zipper favorite hague while fdr mixed his own martin or sometimes a old-fashioned. when they had guests fdr would insist on mixing martinis for everyone and he would write that he was the best martini mixer in the east. now there are references to a run based drink that fdr would drink called a high shun lay basin. by al

we'll start with roger calling from greatneck, new york. good morning. >> caller: good morning. how are you feeling? >> go ahead, roger. >> fine. >> caller: yeah. hi. i have a question, very interesting question. in 1898 the u.s. with teddy roosevelt in the 17th volunteer new york got rid of the spaniards and mckinley sent the -- you know, the rough riders in and everybody into cuba to get rid of the spaniards. why didn't -- why didn't eisenhower, why didn't kennedy, why didn't they send the u.s. military in? i was reading a thing about the bay of pigs on "usa today" in las vegas, nevada. and most generals at the time, the cia was not supposed to go in and do military operations. the u.s. military, the dod, was supposed to go into cuba to get rid of castro. >> yes. both eisenhower and kennedy were unwilling to commit, at least openly, u.s. military forces to the overthrow of the castro regime. one of the great concerns was to maintain good relations with the rest of latin america. latin america -- latin american people saw the united states as overbearing. they didn't like the m

donna: but it is because, roger circe -- roger sercey, the professor of that class, is a vietnam vet. interviewer: did you take away from vietnam more that was positive and useful than you invested in blood sweat and tears? donna: yes, i did. both al and i would say the same thing. ed was a sacrifice -- it was a sacrifice and it was hard, but both al and i and our children, our whole family was changed by our experience in vietnam. and i think we became better people, i think we are better because of it. interviewer: in the end, what did that war mean to you and your generation? donna: you know, we were idealistic. to begin with, we were raised by the greatest generation, and we were raised with a love of god and love of country and love of family. so when our country asked us to fight for people's freedom, it was just a natural thing for us to do as the children of the greatest generation. so we were very idealistic, and we carried those ideals with us to vietnam. and in some cases they were shattered, but i believe that our generation showed that we were willing to sacrifice for som

rogers for his opening statement. >> thank you, mr. chairman. i want to welcome our witnesses and express my appreciation for their service and their time to prepare for that hearing. in both, we have made progress in combatting terrorists, but they are not completely gone. many groups have spread out make ing them difficult to locate. as we discussed last week, maintain pressure on these terrorist networks remains vitally important. but spreading those resources even further is increased presence of russia and china on the continent. china is using its initiative to extract african national resources. the chinese communist parties are building its first military base on b a strategically important horn of africa. alarmingly it's only a few mile was from my own base. given the increased role of china and russia are playing in africa and its tragic importance, it's imperative to continue to make investments there. i look forward to hearing from general townsend about how to maximize diplomatic and military efforts to eliminate terrorist footholds

this is horse at the capitol in washington, these are the roger stories on the senate -- house side, excuse me. and one of these all show? they'll show the divided panels like the doors. they're all released, but they're separate created by panels. it's not a complete direction like the narrative. this is by mike the famous and sculptor who did the whole facade of the cathedral in italy. but actual as you, i should because of the divisions that he made between the one seen or another, which are vegetative based as well. so we use some of the aspects as well this is a panel from the supreme court these are two foot figures and show you the capitol at that time in the background to shows the studio just three different views of the same thing while i've been working on it. this is a panel from the doors joshua with the walls coming down you can see here protect show you that because it's sort of a little relief that are used on the bronze drum on the#9 monument. again, here you see in the studio, this is the state capital at that time in richmond, and this is her generic aspect of what

but it wasn't just an american dynamic, even though we can look to will rogers and mark twain before carson. it's also a global reality. you can look back to the ancient egyptians and the romans, and they to mock the authorities of the day. it's a key way of perhaps lifting the burdens of daily life. like the jesters or fools of european courts, late night comics have some license to speak truth to power in a way that other political figures would find difficult to do. there is a space of play that allows for the exaggerations to create an environment where you can remind people that you are only kidding if the jokes seemed to go too far. but if you look across the 30 years of johnny carson's career, rarely did he go too far for his audience, largely because he knew them so well. societies relished the opportunity to cut political leaders down to size. a joke, even a sharp one, can reduce the arrogance and perhaps the creeping authoritarianism that's at risk in modern centralized, powerful governments with extraordinary capacity to build standing armies and extraordinary capacity to

well i used to want to be the commissioner of the nfl, but i told roger goodall, i said you, know when i was struggling with the iranians and russians every day, your job looked pretty good. but actually from northern california, doesn't look so good anymore. and these days, and i have to say it, these days being a university professor at stanford university where the stanford cardinal are having quite a special season, you know, come on, you know when those special seasons are light. you've had plenty of them! let us have one. that's really the greatest job in the world. thank you madam secretary. >> thank you very much. c-span.org a c-span's new online store. go there today to order a copy of the congressional directory. a compact spiral bound book with contact information for every member of congress, including bio and committee assignments. also contact information for state governors and the biden administration cabinet. order your copy at c-span.org. every c-span shop purchase help support c-span's nonprofit organization. up next on the presidency. james

this is the rogers doors on the house side. what do these all show? they all show the divided panels like the ghiberti doors, separated by panels. there's not a complete progression like a narrative. this is one -- this is by maitani, the famous medieval sculptor who did the facade of the cathedral orvieto in italy. it shows the divisions between one scene and another which are vegetative-based as well here. we used some of that aspect as well. this is a panel from the supreme court door, the bronze. these are two-foot figures and shows you the capitol at that time in the background. this shows the studio, just three different views of the same thing while i've been working on it. is a panel from ghiberti's doors, the joshua with the walls come tumbling down. i show you that because it's sort of a low relief, the same relief i used on the drum, the bronze drum of the monument. again here you see in the studio, this is the state capitol at that time in richmond. these are generic aspects of what we have today, too, arguing congressmen and senators. not

well, i used to want to be the commissioner of the nfl, but i told roger goodell, i said, when i was struggling with the iranians and russians every day your job looked pretty good. but, actually, from northern california, it doesn't look so good anymore. and these days -- and i have to say it. these days, being a university professor at stanford university, where the stanford cardinal are having quite a special season, you know -- come on, you know what those special seasons are like. you've had plenty of them. let us have one. that's really the greatest job in the world. >> thank you madam secretary. >> thank you. >> that was fun. [ applause ] >>> weeknights this month we're featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on cspan3. tonight we took at the cherokee nation. in the 1830s, under president andrew jackson, the cherokees were forcibly removed from their lands in the southeastern u.s. in what became known as the trail of tears. oklahoma university law professor lindsey robertson, discusses the decisions issued by the u.s. supreme court

that still gets a laugh even from older people who are familiar with the joke that is when i will will rogers said i belong to no organized political party, i am a democrat. and that always gets a laugh among people because it is clever. it is a word play and it is perfect. >> let me go back to something to which joey just alluded. lincoln had a very sharp sense of humor but he was an extremely kindly man. he was not a mean human being. what's off limits for un political humor, joe, as a politician? >> there is also reporting about lincoln as -- in his earlier days, he was not as nice as he was in his more senior days and, so that he was a pretty cutthroat politician at some points as well, but i think that life experience, all that he had gone through and all that he had seen, i think, you know, was the richest of those experiences that gave him that fluency of experience that added to the value of that storytelling that he did. look, i still think that off-color jokes, it's not the earthiness. earthy's fine. the closer you could be too earthy without going over the line the better. using we

and that's when will rogers said, i belong to no organized political party. i'm a democrat. that always gets a laugh among people because it's clever, it's a word play and it's president. >> let me go back to something to which joe just alluded. lincoln had a very, very sharp humor but he was an extremely kindly man. he was not a mean human being. what's off limits for you in political humor, joe, as a politician? >> well, you know, there's also some -- there's been some reporting about lincoln in his earlier days he maybe wasn't as nice as he was in his more senior days. that he was a pretty cut-throat politician at some points as well. but i think that life experience, all that he had gone through and all that he had seen, i think, you know, was the richest of those experiences that gave him that fluency of experience that added to the value of that story telling that he did. look, i mean, i still think that off-color jokes -- and it's not the earthiness. earthy is fine. i think the closer you can be to earthy without going over the line, even the better. using wit, having

judiciary, first clerking for the northern district of illinois, and then for a fourth circuit judge, roger gregory. i was especially struck by her commitment to public service. she has dedicated the majority of her legal career to public service and spent a decade in the city of chicago, serving as a staff attorney in the federal defender program. as that public defender, ms. jackson-akiwumi gained immense litigation experience while advocating for those who are often the most vulnerable and underserved in our communities. she represented over 400 defendants, tried seven jury trials and argued five appeals before the seventh circuit. ms. jackson-akiwumi is currently a partner at the law firm of zuckerman spader. she demonstrated a strong commitment to public service, spending a significant portion of her time working on pro bono matters, involving adoption, civil rights, criminal law, and immigration. she won lawful permanent residency for a mother with her two children, advocated for better conditions for incarcerated clients, and represented an employment discrimination plaintiff in a su

businesses that rely on travelers to support their operations, as you know, i worked with my friend senator roger wicker to offer the restaurants act which is bipartisan legislation to provide structural relief to local and independent restaurants, and our effort became lost as part of the american rescue plan. soon restaurants will be able to apply for $26 billion of relief. many restaurants received assistance from the paycheck protection program. can you explain how it is different from ppp and how this is different from those funds? >> thank you for the question. i want to thank you all of you for support you have given the industry in passing the ppp, because all of those were critical in getting the industry propped up. but one of the things about your new restaurant revitalization act is that they're going to look at minorities and small businesses and some who may have not been able to apply in the first go-round. i can tell you that we're already hearing great concerns that that money may be gone in a very short order, so we are quite concerned about that. but we -- you know, we represen